Exam Cheat Sheet · Quick Reference

California C-36 Plumbing Contractor Exam

California  ·  PSI Services Contractor

Verified, not estimated. Every figure below is drawn from the official exam structure we maintain — question counts, passing standard and topic weighting. Practice questions are grounded in the source law with statute citations. We omit any figure we can't verify rather than guess at it.
Total questions
115
Passing score
72%
Exam time
210 min
Administered by
PSI Services Contractor
Format
Closed-book

California State Portion 115 questions

Planning and Estimating 25 Q · 22%
Scope of work and code compliancePipe sizing and venting requirementsShop drawings, plans, and specificationsJob site inspectionsCoordination of projectsWater conservationCost estimation for materials, equipment, labor, and overheadFixture unit loading and drainage pipe sizing calculationsWater supply fixture units and peak demand calculation methodsMinimum fixture counts by occupancy type and useCALGreen mandatory water-conserving fixture flow rate limitsPermit requirements, plan review, and construction document obligations +16 more
Underground and Rough Systems 25 Q · 22%
Excavation and underground installationsPiping layout and installationFuel gas pipingInsulation and system testingSanitary drainage system design and pipe sizingVent system installation and termination requirementsStorm drainage systems and subsoil drainsUnderground utility notification and dig-alert requirements (USA/811 compliance)Firestop protection for piping penetrations of rated assembliesPrivate sewage disposal systems and septic tank sizingWater supply piping layout, materials, and sizingGeneral Regulations +17 more
Finish Plumbing Installations 23 Q · 20%
Plumbing fixtures and appliancesWater heatersShut-off valvesSpecialty installationsIndustrial and commercial piping and sanitary systemsWater heater seismic strapping and anchorage requirementsTemperature and pressure relief valve installation and discharge pipingCombustion air supply methods for water heaters and fuel-burning appliancesVenting systems for water heaters and gas appliances (Type B, direct-vent, chimney)Backflow prevention devices and cross-connection control for fixture installationsAccessible plumbing fixture requirements and clearances (CBC Chapter 11A/11B)Trap installation requirements, prohibited trap types, and trap seal protection +20 more
Service, Repair, and Remodel Plumbing Systems 22 Q · 19%
Troubleshoot plumbing issuesIsolate leaks and damageRepair plumbingRetrofit plumbingDisposal of plumbing materialsWater heater permit requirements and inspection proceduresAccessibility compliance requirements during alterations and path of travel upgradesAsbestos identification and safe work practices during plumbing repair and demolitionWater-conserving fixture replacement requirements for existing residential and commercial buildingsTrap and interceptor maintenance, cleaning, and replacement requirementsAdministrationGeneral Regulations +15 more
Safety 20 Q · 17%
Personnel safetyJob site safetyEnvironmental safetyInjury and Illness Prevention Program (IIPP) requirementsFall protection systems and guardrail standardsConfined space entry procedures and permit requirementsExcavation safety and cave-in protection systemsHazard communication and Safety Data Sheets (SDS)Temporary traffic control plans and flagger proceduresFire protection and prevention during constructionInjury and Illness Prevention ProgramHeat Illness Prevention in Outdoor Places of Employment +21 more

Key Distinctions

Flushometer valves (Table 610.10 sizing)vsFlushometer tanks (610.11)

Pipe serving flushometer valves is assigned flushometer fixture units based on the number and category of valves served (Table 610.10), while branches and mains serving flushometer tanks are sized consistent with flush tank water closet procedures.

2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 610.10
Water test of drainage/vent systemvsAir test of drainage/vent system

A sectional water test requires at least a 10 foot head held not less than 15 minutes (including the upper 10 feet of the preceding section), while the air test requires a uniform gauge pressure of 5 psi (or a 10 inch mercury column) held 15 minutes without adding air — and plastic pipe shall not be tested with air.

2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 712.2
Potable water system air testvsPotable water system water test

An air test of the hot and cold water supply system must be a minimum of 50 psi, whereas a water test must be at least equal to the system working pressure.

2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 609.4
Building drain reduced slope (708.1)vsBuilding sewer reduced slope (718.1)

With AHJ approval, building drain piping 4 inches and larger may slope not less than 1/8 inch per foot, while building sewers 4 through 6 inches may slope not less than 1/8 inch per foot and 8 inches and larger not less than 1/16 inch per foot.

2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 708.1
Continuous flow into drainage system (702.3)vsContinuous flow demand on water distribution (Table 610.3, Note 5)

Continuous drainage flow from a pump, sump ejector or air conditioning equipment is converted at 2 drainage fixture units per gpm, while a continuous-flow water supply connection has its required gpm determined and added separately to the system gpm demand.

2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 702.3
Copper/copper alloy cold water velocity limitvsCopper/copper alloy hot water velocity limit

Velocity shall not exceed 8 ft/s in cold water and 5 ft/s in hot water in copper and copper alloy tube and fitting systems.

2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 610.12.1
Expansion tank downstream of regulatorvsApproved pressure relief valve in lieu of expansion tank

CPC 608.2 normally requires an expansion tank downstream of the regulator, but a system designed by a licensed plumbing contractor or registered design professional may use approved pressure relief valves with a maximum pressure relief setting of 100 psi or less (the general maximum relief setting under 608.4 is 150 psi).

2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 608.2
Type B double-wall vent connectorvsSingle-wall vent connector

For a Category I appliance (excluding engineered systems), the maximum horizontal connector length is 100 percent of the chimney/vent height for Type B double-wall and 75 percent of the vent height for single-wall.

2025 California Mechanical Code, Section 802.10.8.2
Brazing copper tubevsSoldering copper tube

Brazing filler metals melt between 1,100°F and 1,500°F (and for gas tubing joints the brazing material must melt above 1000°F with not more than 0.05 percent phosphorus), while soldering requires only about 350°F to 550°F.

Plumbing Basics for Contractors (4th ed.), Chapter 6 (Copper Tube and Fittings), Section 2.4.1
Sewage ejector/pump discharge — other occupanciesvsSewage ejector/pump discharge — single dwelling unit

For occupancies other than single dwelling units the pump must pass a 2 inch solid ball and the discharge piping shall be not less than 3 inches with a backwater valve and gate valve; the 2 inch discharge minimum applies only to single dwelling units.

2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 710.3
Velocity method of water sizingvsFriction/pressure-loss method

The velocity method may be used only for house-sized buildings three stories or fewer, with no designed continuously running outlets and at least 40 psi available pressure; below 40 psi another method such as the friction/pressure-loss method must be used.

Plumbing Technology: Design and Installation (4th ed.), Chapter 19, Velocity Method Assumptions
Commercial grid strainer lavatory drainvsResidential pop-up (P.O.) assembly

A commercial grid strainer connects with a 1 1/2-inch threaded tailpiece, whereas a residential pop-up uses a 1 1/4-inch threaded tailpiece.

Plumbing Technology: Design and Installation (4th ed.), Chapter 7 — Faucets and Drain Assemblies
Work exempt from a plumbing permitvsWork requiring a permit (104.2)

Stopping leaks and clearing stoppages (including removing and reinstalling water closets) are exempt, but where a trap, drainpipe, soil, waste or vent pipe is defective and must be removed and replaced with new material, it is new work requiring a permit and inspection.

2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 104.2
Trench sloping option with no soil classificationvsOther design options under §1541.1

Option (1) of §1541.1(b)(1)(A) allows sloping no steeper than 1 1/2 horizontal to 1 vertical (34 degrees, the Type C slope) with no soil classification, appendices or engineer; steeper slopes require one of the other design options.

Cal/OSHA Title 8 Construction Safety Orders, §1541.1(b)(1)(A)

Key Terms

Circuit vent (CPC 205.0) 2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 205.0 (Circuit Vent)
A vent that connects to a horizontal drainage branch and vents two traps to a maximum of eight traps connected into a battery of fixtures.
Bathroom group (CPC 204.0) 2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 204.0 (Bathroom Group)
Any combination of fixtures not exceeding one water closet, two lavatories, either one bathtub or one combination bath/shower, and one shower, and which may also include a bidet and an emergency floor drain.
Combination waste and vent system (CPC 910.4) 2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 910.4
An approved system in which each waste pipe and each trap is not less than two pipe sizes larger than required by Chapter 7 and not less than two pipe sizes larger than a fixture tailpiece or connection, so the drain itself can carry air.
Yoke vent (CPC 907.1) 2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 907.1
On a drainage stack of 10 or more stories, the connection between the drainage stack and a parallel vent stack made at each fifth floor counting down from the uppermost fixture drain, not smaller than the drainage stack or vent stack, whichever is smaller.
Horizontal wet vent (CPC 908.2.2) 2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 908.2.2
A wet vent sized on the drainage fixture units discharging into it — not less than 2 inches for 4 dfu or less and not less than 3 inches for 5 dfu or more.
Group wash fixture (CPC 407.1) 2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 407.1
A wash fixture where every 20 inches of usable rim space is considered one lavatory for determining the number of lavatories required by Table 422.1.
Sump/receiving tank vent (CPC 710.10) 2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 710.10
A vent large enough to maintain atmospheric pressure in the sump, no smaller than Table 703.2 requires for the fixtures discharging into it, and never less than 1-1/2 inches in diameter.
Suds relief zone (CPC 711.1) 2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 711.1
The area within 8 feet of a stack's vertical-to-horizontal change of direction where drainage connections are prohibited on stacks receiving suds-producing fixtures (bathtubs, laundries, washing machine standpipes, kitchen sinks, dishwashers), with exceptions for single-family residences and stacks serving less than three stories.
Drainage obstruction (CPC 310.5) 2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 310.5
Any fitting or connection that obstructs or retards flow beyond normal frictional resistance; enlargement of a 3 inch closet bend or stub to 4 inches is expressly not considered an obstruction.
Vacuum relief valve (CPC 608.7) 2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 608.7
A valve complying with ANSI Z21.22/CSA 4.4 required on a hot-water storage tank or indirect water heater located at an elevation above the fixture outlets it serves.
Pressure regulator requirement (CPC 608.2) 2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 608.2
Required where static pressure exceeds 80 psi, reducing pressure to 80 psi or less, with pipe size determinations based on 80 percent of the reduced pressure when using Table 610.4.
Minimum residual pressure (CPC A 104.1 / 608.1) 2025 California Plumbing Code, Section A 104.1
Not less than 15 psi must be available at the highest fixture in the supply system, or more where a fixture or fixture fitting requires a higher pressure; a tank and pump or other approved means must be installed when the source cannot deliver 15 psi.
Temporary connection for testing (CPC 105.4) 2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 105.4
A connection from the water-supply line (or to a sewer) that the Authority Having Jurisdiction may authorize before final approval solely for the purpose of testing equipment.
Permit extension (CPC 104.4.4) 2025 California Plumbing Code, Section 104.4.4
An extension of the time within which permitted work must commence, granted by the AHJ for a period not exceeding 180 days on written request showing circumstances beyond the permittee's control, and no permit may be extended more than once.
Hazardous atmosphere (Title 8 §1951, confined spaces in construction) Cal/OSHA Title 8 Construction Safety Orders, §1951, definition of Hazardous atmosphere
Includes an atmospheric oxygen concentration above 23.5 percent or below 19.5 percent, and flammable gas in excess of 10 percent of its lower flammable limit.
Working day (Gov. Code §4216(v)) California Underground Service Alert Law, Gov. Code § 4216(v)
Monday through Friday, 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., excluding federal and state holidays or as otherwise posted on the regional notification center's website.
Boiling (trench hazard) Plumbing Basics for Contractors (4th ed.), Module 02102, Section 4.1.3
Water flowing upward into the bottom of the cut, often from a high water table, which can occur even with shoring or trench boxes in place and requires workers to leave the trench immediately.
Specifications (Plumbing Technology Ch. 4) Plumbing Technology: Design and Installation (4th ed.), Chapter 4, Terms of Importance (Specifications)
Detailed information about materials, requirements and workmanship that, with the blueprints and applicable codes, forms the basis of the contract; when placed on drawings they appear under "General Notes."

Formulas to Know

Static pressure from height of waterStatic pressure (psi) = vertical height of water above the point (ft) × 0.433 psi/ft; e.g., 60 ft × 0.433 = 26 psi; in the tank figure 46 ft × 0.433 ≈ 20 psi
Height of water column needed for a given pressureHeight (ft) = pressure (psi) ÷ 0.433 psi/ft; e.g., 20 ÷ 0.433 = 46.2 ft; 30 ÷ 0.433 = 69.3 ft
Permissible friction loss per 100 ft of supply pipe (CPC A 104.2–A 104.4)Static loss = height (ft) × 0.43; Pressure available for friction = supply pressure − (required residual + static loss); Friction loss per 100 ft = available ÷ developed length × 100. Worked example: 30 × 0.43 = 12.9; 60 − (15 + 12.9) = 32.1; 32.1 ÷ 150 × 100 = 21.4 psi/100 ft
Continuous flow converted to drainage fixture units (CPC 702.3)DFU = gpm of continuous flow × 2; example: 12 gpm × 2 = 24 fixture units
Continuous flow converted to equivalent roof area (CPC 1104.1)Equivalent roof area = gpm × 24 sq ft per gpm (based on 4 in/h rainfall); example: 10 gpm × 24 = 240 sq ft added to projected roof area
Horizontal drainage fixture unit adjustment for flatter grade (Table 703.2 notes)Allowable horizontal fixture units at 1/8 in/ft slope = listed value (based on 1/4 in/ft) × 0.8
Total fall of a graded drain lineTotal fall = grade (in/ft) × run (ft); examples: 1/8 in/ft × 32 ft = 4 in; 1/4 in/ft × 48 ft = 12 in = 1.00 ft
Downstream invert elevationDownstream invert = upstream invert − total fall; example: 100.00' − (48 ft × 1/4 in/ft = 1.00 ft) = 99.00'
Grade expressed as percent slopePercent slope = (rise per foot in inches ÷ 12) × 100; example: 1/4 in/ft → (0.25 ÷ 12) × 100 = 2.08%
45° offset travel and runTravel = set × 1.414 and run = set × 1.000; examples: 16 × 1.414 = 22.62 ≈ 22-5/8"; 20 × 1.414 = 28.28 ≈ 28-1/4"; run = 20 × 1.000 = 20". For 22½° fittings, travel = set × 2.613 (20 × 2.613 ≈ 52-1/4")
Difference in length for 45° offsets run in parallelParallel angle = one-half the fitting angle (22-1/2° for 45° offsets); length difference = spread × 0.414; example: 0.414 × 10 in. = 4.14 in. ≈ 4-1/8 in.
Threaded pipe cut length between two 90° elbowsCut length = center-to-center − (takeoff × 2 elbows) + (thread engagement × 2 ends); example: 36 − (2 × 2) + (2 × 1/2) = 33.00 in (total elbow deduction 2 in × 2 = 4 in)
Cylindrical tank volume and capacityV = π × r² × h (r = half the diameter); gallons = cubic feet × 7.48. Examples: π × 1.5² × 5 = 35.34 cu ft → 264 gal; π × 2² × 6 = 75.4 cu ft → 565 gal; half-full (h = 3 ft) = 37.7 cu ft → 282 gal
BTU required to heat waterBTU = gallons × 8.33 lb/gal × temperature rise (°F); example: 30 gal × 8.33 × (140 − 45) = 23,740 BTU
Gas water heater recovery timeUsable output = input BTU/hr × efficiency; time (hr) = BTU required ÷ usable output, × 60 for minutes; example: 50 × 8.33 × 80 = 33,320 BTU; 38,000 × 0.76 = 28,880 BTU/hr; 33,320 ÷ 28,880 = 1.1538 hr = 69 minutes. Another example: 40,000 × 0.75 = 30,000 BTU/hr ÷ (8.33 × 70 = 583.1) = 51.4 GPH
Electric heating element output and heating timeOutput BTU/hr = watts × 3.413 BTU/hr per watt; time = BTU needed ÷ output. Example: 25 gal × 8.33 × 70 = 14,577.5 BTU; 5,500 W × 3.413 = 18,771.5 BTU/hr; 14,577.5 ÷ 18,771.5 = 0.7765 hr × 60 = 46.6 minutes (nearest listed answer 46.3 minutes)
Kilowatt-to-BTU conversion for electric water heaters1 kW = 1,000 watts = 3,412 BTU; example: 5 kW × 3,412 = 17,060 BTU
Tankless heater maximum flow rateUseful output = input × efficiency; BTU per gallon = 8.33 × temperature rise; GPH = output ÷ BTU per gallon; GPM = GPH ÷ 60. Example: 199,000 × 0.84 = 167,160; 8.33 × 70 = 583.1; 167,160 ÷ 583.1 = 286.7 GPH ÷ 60 = 4.78 GPM
Hot water available during a peak hourTotal available = tank storage + recovery during the hour; remaining = total available − amount drawn; example: 40 + 43 = 83 gal; 83 − 55 = 28 gallons
Group wash fixture lavatory credit (CPC 407.1)Lavatories credited = usable rim space (in) ÷ 20 in; examples: 100 ÷ 20 = 5; 80 ÷ 20 = 4
Water closet reduction for added urinals (Table 422.1 notes)Deduct one water closet per urinal added in excess of the minimum, but not below two-thirds of the minimum required; examples: 2/3 of 9 = 6 water closets; 2/3 of 6 = 4 water closets
Minimum individual vent diameter (Table 703.2, Note 6)Vent diameter = not less than 1-1/4 in nor less than one-half the diameter of the drain served; example: half of a 3 in drain = 1-1/2 in, which governs
Copper tube outside diameter from nominal pipe sizeOD = nominal size + 1/8 inch; example: 1/2 in NPS copper has a 5/8 in OD (3/4 in NPS = 7/8 in OD)
Maximum horizontal vent connector length (CMC 802.10.8.2)Type B double-wall: 100% of vent height (24 ft vent → 24 ft); single-wall: 75% of vent height (24 ft vent → 18 ft); excludes engineered systems