Exam Cheat Sheet · Quick Reference

North Carolina Unlimited Electrical Contractor (U)

North Carolina  ·  PSI Services Contractor

Verified, not estimated. Every figure below is drawn from the official exam structure we maintain — question counts, passing standard and topic weighting. Practice questions are grounded in the source law with statute citations. We omit any figure we can't verify rather than guess at it.
Total questions
100
Passing score
70%
Exam time
360 min
Administered by
PSI Services Contractor
Format
Reference materials allowed

North Carolina State Portion 100 questions

Bonding and Grounding 11 Q · 11%
Systems and equipment requiring grounding and ground-fault protectionLocation of connection and required interconnectionsConductor identification and color codingBonding jumpersGrounding electrode conductorsEquipment grounding conductorsGrounding electrodesLow-voltage specificationsHigh-voltage specificationsBonding conductor connectionsBonding/bonding gridTermination
Overcurrent Protection 9 Q · 9%
Location in circuitSizing requirementsCircuit breakersPlug and cartridge fusesEnclosures and locationsHigh-voltage
Wiring Methods and Terminations 10 Q · 10%
Permitted applications and usagesCharacteristicsConduit and wireway fillPermitted applications and usagesCharacteristicsProtection from damageTraveling cables and controlsPermitted usages and ampacity ratingsCharacteristicsMiscellaneousOutdoorsSwitchboards, panelboards, switches, and cabinets +2 more
Boxes and Fittings 7 Q · 7%
General informationSizing requirements
Service Entrance and Equipment 9 Q · 9%
Installation requirementsService equipmentGeneral sizing requirements
Motors and Control Wiring 9 Q · 9%
General informationBranch circuit and feeder ampacityOverload protectionShort-circuit and ground-fault protectionDisconnects/controllersSizeTypeLocationSeparation of conductors
Special Occupancies and Hazardous Locations 9 Q · 9%
Emergency systemsHealth care facilitiesMobile homes and mobile home parksPlaces of assembly, theaters, and similar locationsSwimming poolsUnderwater lighting fixturesGeneral requirementsAircraft hangarsBulk storage plantsFinishing processesGas stations and commercial garages
Load Calculations 11 Q · 11%
Branch circuitsTotal computed loadConductor ampacity requirementsLow-voltageHigh-voltage
Appliances, Equipment, and Lighting 7 Q · 7%
Air conditionersResidential, commercial, and industrial equipmentLighting fixturesSpace heating equipment and boilersTransformersMachine room
General 3 Q · 3%
DefinitionsInstallation requirements
Laws, Rules, Basic Business Practices, and Practical Applications 15 Q · 15%
Electrical Contractors Licensing Law (General Statutes Chapter 87, Article 4)Board’s Rules for the Implementation of the Electrical Contractors Licensing Law (Title 21, North Carolina Administrative Code, Chapter 18B)NASCLA Contractors’ Guide to Business, Law and Project Management - North Carolina Electrical EditionLighting and Power Plans; Estimating and General KnowledgeNational Fire Alarm Code

Key Distinctions

EMT securing distance (358.30(A))vsFMC / AC cable securing distance

EMT must be fastened within 900 mm (3 ft) of each box, cabinet, conduit body or other termination (and at intervals not exceeding 10 ft), whereas FMC and AC cable must be secured within 12 inches.

NEC 2020 Section 358.30(A)
Motor full-load current from NEC tables (430.6(A)(1))vsMotor nameplate full-load current (430.6(A)(2))

Table values (e.g., Table 430.250 for three-phase) are used to size branch-circuit conductors and ampacity, while the nameplate current is used only for sizing separate motor overload protection.

NEC 2020 Section 430.6(A)(1)
Conductor ampacity in supervised industrial installations (240.91(B))vsGeneral conductor protection rule (240.4(C))

In supervised industrial installations only, conductors protected by a device rated over 800 A may have ampacity not less than 95% of the device rating when the listed conditions are met; outside Part VIII the ampacity must be at least 100% of the device rating.

NEC 2020 Section 240.91(B)
Circuits that shall NOT be grounded (250.22)vsCircuits permitted but not required to be grounded (250.21(A))

250.22(1) prohibits grounding of electric crane circuits operating over combustible fibers in Class III locations, while 250.21(A) lists systems that are merely permitted, not required, to be grounded.

NEC 2020 Sections 250.22 and 250.21(A)
Straight pull box length (314.28(A)(1))vsAngle pull box distance (314.28(A)(2))

For straight pulls with 4 AWG or larger conductors the box length must be at least 8 times the trade size of the largest raceway; for angle pulls the distance to the opposite wall must be at least 6 times the largest raceway trade size plus the sum of the diameters of all other raceway entries on the same wall.

NEC 2020 Section 314.28(A)(1)
General free-conductor length (300.14)vsExtension outside a small opening (300.14)

At least 150 mm (6 in.) of free conductor measured from where it emerges from raceway or cable sheath is required at each outlet, junction and switch point; additionally, where the opening is less than 200 mm (8 in.) in any dimension, each conductor must be long enough to extend at least 75 mm (3 in.) outside the opening.

NEC 2020 Section 300.14
Feeder disconnect for not more than two 2-wire branch circuits (225.39(B))vsFeeder disconnect for a one-family dwelling (225.39(C))

Two 2-wire branch circuits at another structure require a disconnect rated not less than 30 amperes, while a one-family dwelling supplied by a feeder requires not less than 100 amperes, 3-wire.

NEC 2020 Section 225.39(B)
Nontime delay fuse for AC polyphase motor (Table 430.52)vsDual element (time-delay) fuse for AC polyphase motor (Table 430.52)

For AC polyphase motors other than wound-rotor, the nontime delay fuse maximum is 300% of full-load current, while the dual element (time-delay) fuse maximum is 175% of full-load current.

NEC 2020 Table 430.52
Circuit breaker marked SWDvsCircuit breaker marked HID

Per 240.83(D) breakers used as switches must be marked SWD or HID; SWD is the correct marking for 120-volt and 277-volt fluorescent lighting circuits.

NEC 2020 Section 240.83(D)
Wiring methods permitted in other spaces used for environmental air (300.22(C)(1))vsWiring methods not permitted in plenums

Type MI and Type MC cable without an overall nonmetallic covering (and certain other listed cables) are permitted in plenum spaces, whereas Type NM, ENT and PVC are not permitted unless enclosed in an approved metal raceway.

NEC 2020 Section 300.22(C)(1)
Flexible metal conduit in ducts specifically fabricated for environmental air (300.22(B))vsFlexible metal conduit in other spaces used for environmental air (300.22(C)(1))

In fabricated ducts, FMC is limited to lengths not exceeding 1.2 m (4 ft) to connect physically adjustable equipment; in other plenum spaces FMC is a generally permitted wiring method without that specific length limit.

NEC 2020 Section 300.22(B)
MediationvsCollaborative law

In mediation an independent third-party mediator facilitates dialogue while the parties themselves set the terms of any agreement; in collaborative law the parties negotiate through their own advocates (usually lawyers) with no neutral mediator or arbitrator involved.

NASCLA Contractors Guide, Contract Management chapter — Alternative Dispute Resolution section
Master alarm box (NFPA 72 3.3.12.4)vsAuxiliary alarm box (NFPA 72 3.3.12.1) / publicly accessible alarm box (3.3.12.5)

A master alarm box is publicly accessible AND can also be operated by remote initiating devices or an auxiliary alarm system, while an auxiliary alarm box can only be operated from remote devices or an auxiliary system and a publicly accessible alarm box houses only a manually operated transmitter.

NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, Chapter 3 — 3.3.12 Alarm Box (3.3.12.1, 3.3.12.4, 3.3.12.5)
Continuous-load limit for 16 AWG copper (240.4(D)(2))vsContinuous-load limit for 18 AWG copper (240.4(D)(1))

16 AWG copper may be protected at up to 10 amperes with continuous load not exceeding 8 amperes (using a branch-circuit-rated breaker/fuse listed and marked for 16 AWG copper, or Class CC, J, or T fuse), while 5.6 amperes is the continuous-load limit for 18 AWG copper.

NEC 2020 Section 240.4(D)(2)

Key Terms

Externally Operable NEC 2020 Article 100 (Definitions, Part I — Externally Operable)
Capable of being operated without exposing the operator to contact with live parts (distinct from Dead Front, Enclosed, and Guarded).
Continuous Load NEC 2020 Article 100 (Definitions, Part I — Continuous Load)
A load where the maximum current is expected to continue for 3 hours or more.
Overcurrent NEC 2020 Article 100 — Definition of Overcurrent
Any current in excess of the rated current of equipment or the ampacity of a conductor, which may result from overload, short circuit, or ground fault.
Interrupting Rating NEC 2020 Article 100 — Definition of Interrupting Rating
The highest current at rated voltage that a device is identified to interrupt under standard test conditions.
Fault Current NEC 2020 Article 100 — Definition of Fault Current
The current delivered at a point on the system during a short-circuit condition.
Class I Group B NEC 2020 Section 500.6(A)(2)
A flammable gas or flammable/combustible liquid-produced vapor mixed with air that may burn or explode, having a maximum experimental safe gap (MESG) of 0.45 mm or less or a minimum igniting current (MIC) ratio of 0.40 or less.
Girder (NFPA 72) NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, Chapter 3 — 3.3.37.2 Girder
A member running at right angles to the joists that is a factor in detector number and location (treated as a beam) only when its top is within 4 in. (100 mm) of the ceiling.
Main bonding jumper (service) NEC 2020 Section 250.24(C)
The connection that bonds the grounded conductor(s), which must be routed with the ungrounded conductors to each service disconnecting means, to each service disconnecting means enclosure.
System bonding jumper screw NEC 2020 Section 250.28(B)
Where a main or system bonding jumper is a screw only, the screw must be identified with a green finish visible with the screw installed.
Metal underground water pipe electrode NEC 2020 Section 250.52(A)(1)
A metal underground water pipe qualifies as a grounding electrode only if in direct contact with the earth for 10 ft (3.0 m) or more.
Supplemental electrode exception NEC 2020 Section 250.53(A)(2), Exception
A supplemental electrode is not required for a single rod, pipe, or plate electrode if that electrode has a resistance to earth of 25 ohms or less.
Multiwire branch circuit disconnect (210.4(B)) NEC 2020 Section 210.4(B)
Each multiwire branch circuit must have a means that simultaneously disconnects all ungrounded conductors at the point where the branch circuit originates.
High-leg conductor identification (110.15) NEC 2020 Section 110.15
On a 4-wire delta-connected system with the midpoint of one phase winding grounded, the conductor or busbar with the higher phase voltage to ground must be durably and permanently marked orange or by other effective means.
Edison-base fuseholder (240.52) NEC 2020 Section 240.52
An Edison-base fuseholder may be installed only where it is made to accept Type S fuses by the use of adapters, preventing overfusing.
Arc energy reduction (240.87) NEC 2020 Section 240.87
Requirements that apply where the highest continuous current trip setting of the installed overcurrent device in a circuit breaker is rated or can be adjusted to 1200 A or higher; permitted methods include zone-selective interlocking, differential relaying, energy-reducing maintenance switching, and instantaneous trip setting, but temporary adjustment of the instantaneous trip setting for arc energy reduction is not permitted.
Series rating limitation (240.86(C)) NEC 2020 Section 240.86(C)
A series rating shall not be used where motor circuits are connected between the higher-rated device and the lower-rated circuit breaker and the sum of the motor full-load currents exceeds 1 percent of the interrupting rating of the lower-rated breaker.
Pull point (NEC 2026/2023 358.24(B); NEC 2020/2017 358.26) NEC 2020 Section 358.26
A box or conduit body that ends a run for bend-count purposes; EMT is limited to 360° of bends between pull points, so each section between pull points may have up to 360°.
Bar chart / calendar scheduling weakness NASCLA Contractors Guide, Scheduling and Project Management chapter — Bar Chart Scheduling section
A scheduling method that does not show the interdependencies of activities, so a delay in one task does not show its impact on other tasks.

Formulas to Know

Minimum feeder conductor ampacity with continuous and noncontinuous load (215.2(A)(1))(continuous load × 125%) + noncontinuous load; e.g., (100 A × 1.25) + 30 A = 155 A
Minimum feeder ampacity for multiple motors (430.24)(125% × largest motor FLC) + sum of the FLCs of all other motors; e.g., (1.25 × 15.2) + 15.2 + 15.2 = 49.4 A
Separate motor overload device setting (430.32(A)(1))Max = 125% × nameplate FLC for motors with service factor 1.15 or greater (28 A × 1.25 = 35 A); all other motors 115% of FLC maximum; these are maximums, not a range (30 A → 34.5 A or 37.5 A max); incremental increases up to 140% permitted per 430.32(C) if needed
Hermetic refrigerant motor-compressor conductors and OCPD (440.32, 440.22(A))Conductors ≥ 125% × RLA (30 A → 37.5 A; 28 A → 35 A; 20 A → 25 A); OCPD ≤ 175% × RLA (30 A → 52.5 A → 50 A standard size; the 2020 NEC has no next-higher-size exception here; max 225% of RLA if starting current cannot be carried)
Generator output conductor ampacity (445.13)Ampacity ≥ 115% × generator nameplate current rating; 80 A × 1.15 = 92 A; 200 A × 1.15 = 230 A
Motor branch-circuit short-circuit/ground-fault device sizing (Table 430.52 and 430.52(C)(1) exceptions)Polyphase (non wound-rotor): nontime delay fuse 300% FLC; dual element time-delay fuse 175% FLC (65 A × 1.75 = 113.75 A, next higher standard size permitted). Inverse time breaker single-phase: 250% FLC (50 A × 2.5 = 125 A, next standard 150 A if it won't start); if needed for starting, breaker may go up to 400% FLC for currents 100 A or less (60 A × 4 = 240 A max)
Transformer primary-only overcurrent protection, 1000 V or less (Table 450.3(B))Max device = 125% × rated primary current where current is 9 A or more; 12 A × 1.25 = 15 A (next higher standard rating allowed only if 125% does not equal a standard size)
General load calculation for dwellings (Article 220)(area sq ft × 3 VA/sq ft) + (1,500 VA × number of small-appliance circuits) + 1,500 VA laundry circuit; e.g., 2,000 sq ft: 6,000 + 3,000 + 1,500 = 10,500 VA; per-unit total × number of units for multifamily before demand factors; dwelling units only: a retail store uses the Table 220.12 unit load, 1.9 VA/sq ft, plus 180 VA per receptacle outlet
Existing dwelling optional calculation (220.83(A))When no additional A/C or electric space-heating equipment is installed: first 8 kVA of existing plus new load at 100%, remainder of load at 40%
Pull/junction box sizing and box fillStraight pull: length ≥ 8 × trade size of largest raceway (4 AWG or larger conductors). Angle pull: distance to opposite wall ≥ (6 × largest raceway trade size) + sum of diameters of other raceway entries on the same wall, e.g., (6 × 2) + 1 = 13 in. Box fill: 2.25 in.³ per 12 AWG conductor; each yoke or strap with device(s) counts as a double volume allowance based on the largest conductor connected to that yoke