Tennessee BC Combined Residential/Commercial/Industrial Contractor

A contact splice places the bars in actual contact and is preferred because it provides more strength, while a spaced-lap splice sets the bars apart without contact at a center-to-center spacing that must not exceed 6 inches.

The registered design professional indicates on the construction documents the joist/joist girder designations, design requirements, layout, end supports, anchorage, bridging design differing from SJI specifications, bridging termination connections, and bearing connection design for uplift and lateral loads, while the manufacturer designs the joists themselves to support those stated loads and submits sealed calculations plus connection design for connections differing from SJI specifications, field splices, and joist headers.

Per 29 CFR 1926.757(b)(1), each end of a "K" series joist requires a minimum of two 1/8-inch fillet welds 1 inch long (or two 1/2-inch bolts or the equivalent), whereas the larger 1/4-inch by 2-inch welds apply to "LH" and "DLH" series joists and joist girders.

Field-cured specimens stay on site under the same conditions as the placement and may be used to determine when it is safe to remove forms, while acceptance strength is determined from laboratory-cured cylinders tested under ASTM C39.

Direct construction costs are the labor, material, and equipment tied to a specific trade or phase (pipe materials, backhoe rental, pipe bedding aggregate), while direct (job) overhead covers administrative costs resulting from taking a particular job but not tied to a trade or phase, such as traffic control (barricades, flaggers, lane delineators) and pipe or soil density testing.

B-B Plyform®, sanded on both sides and mill oiled rather than overlaid, gives 5 to 10 reuses, while an HDO-overlaid surface normally produces 20 to 50 reuses or more with reasonable care.

In site-built beam and slab forms, lumber sides require 2x4 vertical cleats at 2' to 2'-6" on center, while plywood sides eliminate the cleats and use 2x4 vertical stiffeners.

Per the IBC 1610.1 exception, foundation walls extending not more than 8 feet below grade and laterally supported at the top by flexible diaphragms are permitted to be designed for active pressure, whereas at-rest pressure is required where horizontal movement is restricted at the top.

Under Gypsum Panel Limitations, 3/8" panels are designed for framing centers up to 16", while 1/2" and 5/8" panels are designed for framing centers up to 24".

Fiberglass shingles use a fiberglass base mat saturated and covered with flexible asphalt and surfaced with mineral granules, while organic shingles use a cellulose-fiber base mat.

An upper-floor egress window must have an unblocked open area of not less than 5.7 sq. ft., while grade-floor windows require not less than 5.0 sq. ft.

Openable window area for ventilation must be not less than 4 percent of floor area unless mechanical air conditioning and ventilation are provided, while the 8 percent figure is the total window glass area required for natural light.

The thickened slab area acts like a footing but is formed by a trench dug into the subgrade rather than by formwork, and should be strengthened with rebar.

Directional drilling is practical for tunneling up to 2,200 feet for pipe 16 to 36 inches in diameter, while directional boring with a pneumatic mole typically accommodates pipe up to only 6 inches in diameter over 50 to 150 feet.

Holes in the web are permitted for utility routing, but a hole must never be punched in the flange because it reduces the structural strength of the member.