Illinois Commercial and Industrial Roofing Contractor

Arbitration uses a third-party arbitrator whose decision is legally binding on all parties, while mediation uses a facilitator to guide discussion but leaves the parties to set the terms themselves.

Collaborative law has no neutral third party — each side uses their own advocate (e.g., lawyer) to negotiate, whereas mediation uses a neutral mediator to facilitate the process.

In a lump-sum contract the contractor assumes all cost risk for a fixed price, while in a cost-plus contract the owner reimburses actual costs plus a percentage or fixed-fee markup.

Cost-plus pays actual labor and material costs plus a markup fee, while unit-price pays a set price per unit of work based on actual quantities used.

Addenda are changes made to contract documents before the contract is awarded, while modifications and change orders are written changes made after the contract has been signed and executed.

In design/build the owner contracts one firm to handle design through construction, while turnkey expands those responsibilities further to include obtaining financing and land.

The accrual method recognizes income when services occur and expenses when incurred regardless of cash flow, whereas the cash method records income and expenses only when money is actually received or paid.

CPM graphically shows the interdependent relationships between tasks so that delays in one task reveal impacts on others, while bar chart and calendar scheduling do not show these interdependencies.

Free float is the time an activity can be delayed without affecting the early start of the next activity, while total float is the leeway before the overall project completion date is delayed.

Fiberglass shingles use a fiberglass base mat saturated with asphalt, while organic shingles use a cellulose-fiber base mat.

Under 29 CFR 1926.52 the construction standard action level requiring controls or hearing protection is a TWA of 90 dBA, while the general industry action level is 85 dBA.

A repair is classified as disturbing no more ACRM than fits in one standard 60×60-inch waste bag; disturbing a larger quantity triggers classification as a removal with additional regulatory requirements.