Hoja de Referencia del Examen · Referencia Rápida
Louisiana Residential Construction
Louisiana · PSI Services Contractor
Verificado, no estimado. Cada cifra a continuación proviene de la estructura oficial del examen que mantenemos: número de preguntas, puntaje de aprobación y ponderación de temas. Las preguntas de práctica están fundamentadas en la ley fuente con citas de estatutos. Omitimos cualquier cifra que no podamos verificar en lugar de adivinarla.
Total de preguntas
80
Puntaje de aprobación
70%
Tiempo del examen
180 min
Administrado por
PSI Services Contractor
Formato
Se permiten materiales de referencia
Porción Estatal de Louisiana 80 preguntas
Trabajo en Sitio, Zapatas y Cimientos
13 Q · 16%
Soil classification and bearing capacitySite layout and building location (batter boards, reference lines, benchmarks)Excavation methods, depth calculation, and volume estimationFooting types, dimensions, and minimum size requirements (IRC tables)Footing reinforcement and frost protection/depth requirementsFoundation wall types: poured concrete, concrete masonry unit (CMU), and woodFoundation drainage, dampproofing, and waterproofingSoil compaction methods, testing, and backfilling requirements
Concreto y Refuerzo de Concreto
9 Q · 11%
Concrete mixture components and proportioning (cement types, aggregates, water-cement ratio, supplementary cementitious materials)Admixtures (air-entraining, accelerating, retarding, water-reducing, and their effects on concrete properties)Field testing of fresh concrete (slump, air content, compressive strength cylinders, unit weight/yield per ASTM standards)Steel reinforcement types, grades, sizes, and identification markings (rebar, welded wire reinforcement, fiber reinforcement)Reinforcement placement, cover requirements, and structural function (tension, compression, shear/stirrups)Formwork design, materials, components, and safety requirements (shoring, reshoring, form ties, stripping)Concrete placement methods, consolidation, and finishing of flatwork and slabs-on-groundJoints in concrete construction (contraction/control joints, isolation joints, construction joints) and joint spacing requirements
Mampostería
5 Q · 6%
Masonry tools and equipment identification and useClay brick types, classifications, and grades (ASTM standards)Concrete masonry units (CMU) types, grades, and propertiesMortar types, materials, mixing, and properties (Types M, S, N, O, K)Stone types, classification, and stonemasonry techniquesMasonry wall systems (solid, cavity, composite, veneer, reinforced)Anchors, ties, and joint reinforcement in masonry constructionFoundation systems, footings, and foundation wall construction
Carpintería
15 Q · 19%
Wood properties, lumber grading, and moisture contentEngineered wood products: plywood, OSB, LVL, glulam, and I-joistsStructural framing systems: platform, balloon, post-and-beam, and in-line framingFloor framing: joists, girders, sill plates, bridging, and subfloor constructionWall framing and sheathing: studs, plates, headers, rough openings, and wall bracing (IRC requirements)Roof framing: rafter types, ridge boards, roof styles, ceiling joists, and rafter span tablesRoof truss handling, installation, temporary and permanent restraint/bracing (BCSI guidelines)Finish carpentry: stairways, molding and trim, doors, windows, and cabinet installation
Oficios Asociados y Tabla de Yeso
6 Q · 8%
Drywall types, sizes, and applications (standard, fire-code Type X and Type C, moisture-resistant, specialty)Drywall fasteners, spacing, and framing requirements (nails, screws, adhesive, framing member spacing per IRC Table R702.3.5)Cutting, installing, and fastening drywall panels (vertical and horizontal application, ceiling-first sequence, steel framing)Joint compound types, taping, and finishing techniques (setting vs. drying compounds, feathering, corner bead, trim accessories)Drywall repair and common defects (nail pops, blistered tape, cracked joints, bulge around fasteners)Interior plaster systems and veneer plaster (gypsum and cement plaster, lath types, coat requirements per IRC R702.2)Vapor retarders in wall assemblies (classes, perm values, climate zone requirements per IRC R702.7)Exterior and interior wall paneling (sheet paneling, board paneling, installation methods, estimating materials)
Techado
7 Q · 9%
Roof slope measurement and area calculation methodsRoof sheathing and decking requirements by material typeUnderlayment types, application methods, and minimum slope requirementsAsphalt shingle types, installation patterns, and fastening requirementsFlashing installation at valleys, chimneys, eaves, and roof penetrationsWood shingles and shakes installation, exposure, and nailing requirementsTile roofing installation, fastening, and underlayment systemsRoofing repair, leak detection, and re-roofing procedures
Estimación, Lectura de Planos y Requisitos Generales del Código
18 Q · 22%
Building permits and inspections processIRC scope, intent, and applicability for one- and two-family dwellingsReading and interpreting architectural plan types (site, foundation, floor, framing, elevation)Architectural drawing elements: lines, symbols, dimensions, and abbreviationsScale and measurement in construction drawingsCost estimating methods: quantity takeoff, cost per square foot, direct and indirect costsBidding process: overhead, markup, contingency, and profit calculationZoning, deed restrictions, setbacks, and building code compliance
Seguridad OSHA
7 Q · 9%
Fall protection requirements for residential construction (6-foot rule, guardrail/safety net/PFAS systems)Scaffold safety requirements, capacity, and platform construction standardsLadder safety, types, duty ratings, and proper usePersonal protective equipment (PPE) selection, provision, and employer responsibilitiesFire protection and prevention on construction sitesExcavation and trenching safety, cave-in protection, and soil classificationElectrical safety, GFCI requirements, and assured equipment grounding programsHazardous substances, toxic materials, and permissible exposure limits (asbestos, silica, airborne contaminants)
Distinciones Clave
Quality ControlvsQuality Assurance
Quality control involves actions taken to control the product so standards are met, while quality assurance verifies that those controls are in place and working.
The Contractor's Guide to Quality Concrete Construction, Page 132Shed Roof Common RaftervsGable Roof Common Rafter
A shed roof rafter's total run equals the full building span minus the top plate width on the higher wall, whereas a gable roof rafter's total run is one-half the span; the shed rafter also has two bird's mouths versus one.
Carpentry and Building Construction, Page 483Fiberglass Asphalt ShinglesvsOrganic Asphalt Shingles
Fiberglass shingles use a fiberglass base mat, while organic shingles use a cellulose-fiber base mat.
Roofing Construction and Estimating, Chapter 4—Asphalt ShinglesType-X DrywallvsType-C Drywall
Type-X is 5/8" thick with glass fibers that prevent crumbling in extreme heat, while Type-C is even more fire resistant and additionally contains vermiculite.
Carpentry And Building Construction, Chapter 32, Fire-Code Drywall sectionType-W Drywall ScrewsvsType-S Drywall Screws
Type-W screws have wide threads designed to grip wood framing, while Type-S screws have narrow threads designed for steel framing.
Carpentry And Building Construction, Chapter 32, Drywall Fasteners sectionSetting-Type Joint CompoundvsDrying-Type Joint Compound
Setting-type compound cures through a chemical process, is stronger, and is only available in powdered form, whereas drying-type compound cures by evaporation and is available pre-mixed.
Carpentry And Building Construction, Chapter 32, Setting-Type Compounds sectionTopping CompoundvsTaping Compound
Topping compound shrinks very little and finishes smoothly, making it ideal for final layers, while taping compound is stronger and used to embed the joint tape.
Carpentry And Building Construction, Chapter 32, Joint Compound sectionHorizontal Drywall ApplicationvsVertical Drywall Application
Horizontal application reduces total joint footage by up to 25 percent and allows the strongest panel dimension to run across studs, whereas vertical application results in more linear feet of joints to tape.
Carpentry And Building Construction, Chapter 32, Horizontal Application sectionType M MortarvsType N Mortar
Type M mortar has high compressive strength and is durable for heavily loaded or below-grade foundation walls, while Type N is a general-purpose mortar used for masonry above grade.
Carpentry and Building Construction, Section 10.3, Page 279Direct (Job) Overhead CostvsDirect Construction Cost
Direct job overhead costs are administrative costs tied to a specific job but not to a specific trade (e.g., traffic control), while direct construction costs are labor, material, and equipment costs directly tied to a construction phase (e.g., pipe materials, backhoe rental).
Pipe and Excavation Contracting, Pages 20-21Extruded Expanded Polystyrene (XPS)vsExpanded Polystyrene (EPS)
XPS has greater compressive strength, making it suitable for below-grade foundation insulation, while standard EPS has lower compressive strength and is not specifically rated for below-grade use.
Carpentry And Building Construction, Section 31.1 — Rigid Insulation Materials and R-ValueCasement WindowvsDouble-Hung Window
A casement window is side-hinged and allows the entire window area to be opened for ventilation, while a double-hung window can only open a maximum of half its total area.
Windows & Skylights chapter, Types of Windows sectionTérminos Clave
Trench Excavation Egress Requirement 29 CFR 1926, §1926.651(c)(2)
Per 29 CFR 1926.651(c)(2), a safe means of egress (stairway, ladder, or ramp) must be located in trenches 4 feet or more deep so that no employee travels more than 25 feet laterally to reach it.
Fire Extinguisher Travel Distance (2A) 29 CFR 1926, §1926.150(c)(1)(i)
Per 29 CFR 1926.150(c)(1)(i), a fire extinguisher rated not less than 2A must be provided for each 3,000 sq. ft. of protected building area, with maximum travel distance of 100 feet from any point.
Fire Extinguisher Requirement Near Flammable Liquids (10B) 29 CFR 1926, §1926.150(c)(1)(vi)
Per 29 CFR 1926.150(c)(1)(vi), a fire extinguisher rated not less than 10B must be provided within 50 feet wherever more than 5 gallons of flammable/combustible liquids or 5 pounds of flammable gas are in use.
Guardrail Top Rail Height 29 CFR 1926, §1926.502(b)(1)
Per 29 CFR 1926.502(b)(1), the top edge of a guardrail system's top rail must be 42 inches (plus or minus 3 inches) above the walking/working surface.
Crawl Space Ventilation Ratio Carpentry And Building Construction, Section 31.1 — Crawl-Space Ventilation
Per Carpentry and Building Construction Section 31.1, the minimum net ventilation area for a crawl space with a vapor retarder is 1 square foot of venting per 150 square feet of crawl-space area.
Radiant-Heat Barrier Air Space Minimum Carpentry And Building Construction, Section 31.1 — Radiant-Heat Barriers
Per Carpentry and Building Construction Section 31.1, when a radiant-heat barrier is draped over rafters before sheathing is applied, at least 1 inch of air space must exist between the barrier and the underside of the sheathing.
Foundation Wall Minimum Height Above Grade Carpentry and Building Construction, Section 9.2, Page 247
Per Carpentry and Building Construction Section 9.2, the top of a foundation wall must be at least 8 inches above finished grade to protect siding and framing from soil moisture and allow observation for termite activity.
Crawl Space Minimum Clearance Carpentry and Building Construction, Section 9.2, Page 247
Per Carpentry and Building Construction Section 9.2, there must be at least 18 inches of clearance between the undersides of floor joists and the highest point of ground enclosed by foundation walls.
Keyway Carpentry and Building Construction, Section 10.1, Page 258
A groove (typically 3½" wide and 1½" deep) formed in the top of a concrete footing that interlocks the foundation wall to the footing and prevents moisture seepage between them.
Cold Joint Carpentry and Building Construction, Section 10.2, Page 266
A structural defect that occurs when fresh concrete is poured on top of or next to concrete that has already begun to cure, creating a weaker and more leak-prone plane in the wall.
Consolidation (Concrete) Carpentry and Building Construction, Section 8.2, Page 227
The process of removing air pockets and forcing concrete into all parts of the forms, accomplished by vibrating, tamping, spading, or tapping the forms.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Carpentry and Building Construction, Construction Safety & Health, Book Page 92
A manufacturer-required document that accompanies hazardous products and includes physical data, toxicity levels, first-aid recommendations, protective equipment requirements, and proper storage and disposal methods.
Theodolite Carpentry and Building Construction, Chapter 9 — Types of Instruments
A surveying instrument that reads horizontal and vertical angles electronically and displays measurements on an LCD screen, used when extremely accurate measurements are required.
Corner Bead Carpentry And Building Construction, Chapter 32, Trim Accessories section
A shaped length of vinyl or metal installed on outside drywall corners to reinforce and protect the corner while providing a smooth, even edge for finishing.
Glass-Mat Gypsum Board Carpentry And Building Construction, Chapter 32, Moisture-Resistant Drywall section
A drywall product whose front and back surfaces are covered with fiberglass instead of paper, approved for use as backing in shower stalls and tub/shower surrounds.
Retarding Admixture The Contractor's Guide to Quality Concrete Construction, Pages 72 and 82
A concrete additive that delays the setting of concrete, increasing lateral pressure on vertical forms (chemistry coefficient CC = 1.2) and requiring longer form stripping times.
Fórmulas que Debes Saber
Board Feet (single piece)
Board Feet = (Thickness in inches × Width in inches × Length in feet) ÷ 12Total Board Feet (multiple pieces)
Total Board Feet = Board Feet per piece × Number of piecesCrawl Space Ventilation Area
Minimum Net Vent Area (sq ft) = Crawl Space Area (sq ft) ÷ 150Excavation Volume (cubic yards)
Volume (cu yd) = [(Length + clearance each side) × (Width + clearance each side) × Depth (ft)] ÷ 27Drywall Sheets Required (figured solid)
Sheets = Total Surface Area (sq ft) ÷ Sheet Area (sq ft) [e.g., 4×8 sheet = 32 sq ft; no deductions for openings]Drywall Wall Area
Wall Area (sq ft) = Perimeter (ft) × Wall Height (ft)Joint Tape Required
Joint Tape (lineal ft) = (Total Drywall Area ÷ 1,000) × 370Elevation Difference
Max Elevation Difference = Highest Corner Elevation − Lowest Corner Elevation