North Carolina Electrical Contractor - Electric Sign (SP-ES)

An overload is operation of equipment in excess of normal, full-load rating that causes damage or dangerous overheating when it persists, while the NEC definition expressly states that a fault such as a short circuit or ground fault is NOT an overload.

A surge arrester limits surge voltages by discharging or bypassing surge current and prevents continued flow of follow current while remaining capable of repeating these functions, whereas an SPD limits transient voltages by diverting or limiting surge current.

A section sign is shipped as subassemblies that require field-installed wiring between the subassemblies to complete the sign, while a host sign is a sign or outline lighting system already installed in the field that is designated for field conversion of its illumination system with a retrofit kit.

A sign body is the portion of a sign that may provide protection from the weather but is NOT an electrical enclosure, while electrode enclosures under 600.42(H) are required to be listed enclosures.

An LED sign illumination system is a complete lighting system of LED light sources, power supplies, wire, and connectors for signs and outline lighting, while a retrofit kit is the parts and hardware used for field conversion of a host sign.

600.21(D) requires a working space at least 3 ft high × 3 ft wide × 3 ft deep at each ballast, transformer, electronic power supply, or Class 2 power source (or its enclosure) where not installed in a sign, whereas the 3 ft high × 2 ft wide dimension is the attic/soffit passageway requirement of 600.21(E).

An inverter is equipment that changes dc to ac, while a rectifier performs the opposite function (ac to dc); a transformer changes voltage levels within the same current type and a dc-to-dc converter changes dc voltage/current levels.

Externally operable means capable of being operated without exposing the operator to contact with live parts; dead front means without live parts exposed on the operating side, enclosed means surrounded by a case or housing to prevent accidental contact, and guarded means covered, shielded, or otherwise protected to remove the likelihood of approach to a point of danger.

225.39(C) requires not less than 100 amperes, 3-wire for a one-family dwelling feeder disconnect, while 225.39(B) requires not less than 30 amperes for installations of not more than two 2-wire branch circuits and 225.39(D) requires not less than 60 amperes for all other installations (such as a detached garage fed by a feeder).

GFCI protection is required for dwelling-unit receptacles serving countertop surfaces, while AFCI protection is separately required for all 120-volt, single-phase, 15- and 20-ampere branch circuits supplying outlets in dwelling unit kitchens — both are required.

Type AC cable bends shall have an inner-edge radius not less than five times the cable diameter (320.24), while interlocked-type armor or corrugated sheath Type MC cable requires not less than seven times the external diameter of the metallic sheath (330.24(B)).

Per the NASCLA Summary of Business Legal Structures table, a C corporation allows an unlimited number of shareholders with no personal liability and is taxed at the corporate level with a further tax on dividends (double taxation), while an S corporation is limited to 100 shareholders and uses pass-through taxation.