South Carolina - NASCLA-Accredited Trade Examination for Residential Electrical Contractor
South Carolina
· PSI Services Contractor
Verified, not estimated. Every figure below is drawn from the official exam structure we maintain — question counts, passing standard and topic weighting. Practice questions are grounded in the source law with statute citations. We omit any figure we can't verify rather than guess at it.
Total questions
100
Passing score
70%
Exam time
270 min
Administered by
PSI Services Contractor
Format
Reference materials allowed
South Carolina State Portion
100 questions
Theory9 Q · 9%
Ohm's Law and the formula wheel (E, I, R, P relationships)Series circuit characteristics and calculationsParallel circuit characteristics and calculationsCombination (series-parallel) circuit calculationsAlternating current fundamentals (sine wave, frequency, RMS and peak values, phase relationships)Inductance, capacitance, and reactance (XL, XC, impedance)Power factor, true power, and apparent power (kW, kVA, KVAR)Electrical formulas for amperes, horsepower, kilowatts, and kVA (single-phase and three-phase)Magnetism and electromagnetism (magnetic fields, induction, uses of electromagnetism)Electromagnetism
Personal Jobsite Safety (OSHA, NFPA 70E)8 Q · 8%
Electrical hazards: shock, electrocution, arc flash, and arc blastLockout/tagout procedures and establishing an electrically safe work conditionArc flash risk assessment and shock protection boundaries (limited and restricted approach)Personal protective equipment (PPE) selection and arc flash PPE categoriesArc flash equipment labels and energized electrical work permitsOSHA employer and employee safety responsibilities and electrical safety programsFall protection systems and requirements (guardrails, personal fall arrest, safety nets)Ladder and scaffold safety requirementsAccident prevention signs and tags: danger, caution, and safety instruction signs, colors, and signal words (OSHA 29 CFR 1926.200, Subpart G)Hazard communication and safety data sheets on the jobsite (OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart D)OSHA construction electrical requirements (29 CFR 1926 Subpart K): GFCI protection, assured equipment grounding, temporary wiringSubpart G-Signs, Signals, and Barricades+2 more
Project Design, Estimating, and Measurement8 Q · 8%
Branch-circuit, feeder, and service load calculations (NEC Article 220)Demand factors for dwelling unit loads (lighting, appliances, dryers, cooking equipment)Bidding and estimating process (quantity take-off, labor, materials, overhead, markup)Contract types, provisions, and change order managementProject scheduling methods (calendar, bar chart, critical path method)Applied math and measurement conversions (fractions, decimals, area, volume, metric/U.S. units)Reading and interpreting electrical symbols and wiring diagrams
Grounding and Bonding14 Q · 14%
Grounding electrode system — types and installation requirements (rod, pipe, plate, concrete-encased, ground ring, water pipe)Grounding electrode conductor sizing and installation (NEC Table 250.66)Equipment grounding conductor types, sizing, and identification (NEC Table 250.122)Main bonding jumper and system bonding jumper — purpose, material, and sizing (NEC Table 250.102(C)(1))Service equipment bonding methods and supply-side bonding jumper requirementsGrounding and bonding of metal water piping, gas piping, and structural metalGrounded conductor identification, use, and terminal marking (Article 200)Equipment grounding conductor connections at boxes, receptacles, and service equipmentChapter 36 Services
Special System and Special Equipment Installations7 Q · 7%
Swimming pool, spa, and hot tub electrical installations (NEC Article 680 / IRC Chapter 42)Fire alarm system wiring and circuit requirements (NEC Article 760 / NFPA 72)Solar photovoltaic (PV) system installation requirements (NEC Article 690)Mobile homes, manufactured homes, and mobile home park electrical installations (NEC Article 550)Recreational vehicle and RV park electrical installations (NEC Article 551)Electric vehicle power transfer system (EVSE) installation requirements (NEC Article 625)Temporary electrical installations (NEC Article 590)Optional standby systems, portable and standby generators, and transfer equipment for dwellings (NEC Article 702)Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms and household fire alarm systems (NFPA 72 Chapter 29)Energy storage systems and interconnected electric power production sources (NEC Articles 705 and 706)Class 2 remote-control and signaling circuits and communications/antenna/CATV wiring in dwellings (NEC Article 724, Chapter 8, IRC Chapter 43)Chapter 29 Single- And Multiple-Station Alarms and Household Signaling Systems+4 more
Tools and Equipment7 Q · 7%
Conduit bending techniques (90° bends, offset bends, back-to-back bends, saddle bends)Hand bender and Chicago-type bender operation and calculationsSelecting and using digital multimeters (DMMs) for voltage, resistance, and current measurementClamp-on ammeter selection, testing, and useNon-contact voltage tester selection, testing, and useTest instrument safety categories (CAT I–CAT IV overvoltage ratings) and inspection requirementsSafe use and guarding requirements for hand and power tools (OSHA 1926 Subpart I)Portable electric tool and equipment maintenance requirements (NFPA 70E Article 245)Selecting and Using Test InstrumentsSubpart I-Tools—Hand and PowerPortable Electric Tools and EquipmentGeneral Requirements for Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices
Circuit Protection and Installation16 Q · 16%
GFCI protection requirements by location in dwelling unitsAFCI protection requirements and means of complianceOvercurrent protective device types, ratings, and standard ampere sizesBranch circuit conductor sizing and ampacity requirementsService entrance installation requirements and disconnecting meansSurge-protective device (SPD) types, installation, and ratingsWorking space clearances and equipment installation requirements
Wiring Methods and Practices17 Q · 17%
Allowable wiring methods and their permitted applications by location and condition (NM, MC, AC, EMT, IMC, RMC, PVC, FMC, LFMC, ENT, LFNC, SE, UF, USE)Conductor types, insulation designations, temperature ratings, and application provisions (THHN, THWN, RHW, XHHW, TW, etc.)Conduit fill calculations — percent fill rules, number of conductors permitted, and conduit sizing proceduresSecuring and supporting requirements for cables and raceways — fastening intervals, support spacing by wiring methodProtection of cables and raceways against physical damage — bored holes, notches, framing members, steel plates, and minimum distancesBox and enclosure requirements — box fill calculations, volume per conductor, pull box sizing, and wet/damp location requirementsConductor ampacity, correction factors for ambient temperature, and adjustment factors for more than three current-carrying conductorsVoltage drop calculations for single-phase and three-phase circuits — formulas, conductor resistance values, and minimum cover requirements for underground wiring
Equipment for General Use13 Q · 13%
Motor branch-circuit conductor sizing and ampacity requirementsMotor overload protection selection and ratingsMotor branch-circuit short-circuit and ground-fault protectionMotor controller and disconnecting means requirementsMotor nameplate markings and locked-rotor code lettersTransformer overcurrent protection, sizing, and calculationsLuminaire installation, support, and location requirementsReceptacle ratings, grounding types, and installation requirementsAppliance installation, disconnecting means, and branch-circuit ratings (NEC Article 422, IRC Chapter 41)
Energy Efficiency/Management1 Q · 1%
Energy management system installation, load management, and load shedding restrictions (NEC Article 750)Lighting equipment efficacy requirements and interior/exterior lighting controlsCalculating operating cost of electrical appliances and energy savings from lamp replacementEnergy Management SystemsChanging Incandescent Lamp to Energy-Saving Lamp
A straight pull requires the box length to be not less than 8 times the trade size of the largest raceway, while an angle pull requires not less than 6 times the largest raceway in the row plus the sum of the other raceway entries in that same row on the same wall.
NEC 2023 Section 314.28(A) (pull and junction box sizing)
Single-phase motor on 2-wire ungrounded circuitvs3-phase motor
Per Table 430.37, the single-phase AC or DC motor on a 2-wire ungrounded circuit needs only one running overload unit, in either conductor, while a 3-phase motor needs three overload units, one in each phase.
NEC 2023 Table 430.37
Minimum cover for RMC/IMC in 'all locations not specified'vsMinimum cover for RMC under a one- and two-family dwelling driveway
Table 300.5(A) requires 150 mm (6 in.) for RMC/IMC only in locations not otherwise specified, but 450 mm (18 in.) where buried under a one- and two-family dwelling driveway or dwelling-use outdoor parking area (600 mm/24 in. under general streets, roads, alleys, and parking lots).
NEC 2023 Table 300.5(A)
Overhead service clearance over public streets/alleys (≤1000 V)vsOverhead service clearance over residential property and driveways (≤300 V to ground)
NEC 230.24(B) requires a minimum 5.5 m (18 ft) over public streets, alleys, roads, and parking areas subject to truck traffic, but only 3.7 m (12 ft) over residential property, driveways, and commercial areas not subject to truck traffic where voltage does not exceed 300 volts to ground.
NEC 2023 Section 230.24(B)
Non-Type IC recessed luminairevsType IC recessed luminaire
A luminaire not identified for contact with insulation must have recessed parts spaced not less than 13 mm (1/2 in.) from combustible material and thermal insulation kept at least 75 mm (3 in.) away, whereas a luminaire identified as Type IC is not subject to that 3 in. insulation separation.
NEC 2023 Section 410.116(A)(1)
AC general-use snap switchvsAC-DC general-use snap switch
Per 404.14(A) an AC general-use snap switch may control tungsten-filament lamp loads not exceeding its ampere rating at 120 volts with no T rating, while per 404.14(C) an AC-DC general-use snap switch may control tungsten-filament loads only where it is rated with the letter T.
NEC 2023 Section 404.14(A)
PV dc circuit voltage limit on/attached to buildings (general)vsPV dc circuit voltage limit for one- and two-family dwellings
NEC 690.7 limits PV system dc circuits within or originating from arrays on or attached to buildings (and inside buildings) to not more than 1000 volts, but the limit is 600 volts for one- and two-family dwellings.
NEC 2023 Section 690.7
Motor control circuit tapped from load side of the motor branch-circuit short-circuit/ground-fault devicevsMotor control circuit supplied from a separate source
The tapped control circuit is protected under 430.72, while a control circuit other than such a tapped circuit must be protected against overcurrent per 724.43 or the notes to Chapter 9 Tables 11(A) and 11(B), as applicable.
NEC 2023 Section 430.72(A)
Feeder/branch-circuit disconnect at a one-family dwelling unit supply (225.39(C))vsFeeder disconnect at other structures such as a detached garage (225.39(D))
A one-family dwelling unit supply disconnect must be rated not less than 100 amperes, while all other installations (not one-circuit at 15 A or two-circuit at 30 A) require a disconnect rated not less than 60 amperes.
NEC 2023 Section 225.39(D)
BuswayvsCable tray system / lighting track / multioutlet assembly
Article 100 defines busway itself as a raceway (metal enclosure with factory-mounted bare or insulated conductors), whereas a cable tray system is a structural support system, lighting track is an assembly that supports and energizes luminaires, and a multioutlet assembly only contains a raceway.
NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definitions of Raceway, Busway, Cable Tray System, Lighting Track, and Multioutlet Assembly
Free float timevsTotal float time
Free float is the time an activity can be delayed without impacting the early start of the next activity, while total float is the leeway available without delaying the overall project completion date (contingency time is a buffer between tasks for unforeseen delays).
Standard ampere ratings for fusesvsStandard ampere ratings for inverse time circuit breakers
Table 240.6(A) ratings apply to both, but 1, 3, 6, and 601 amperes are additional standard ratings for fuses only, so 601 is a fuse-only standard rating.
NEC 2023 Section 240.6(A) and Table 240.6(A)
Calendar scheduling / bar chart schedulingvsWhat these methods do not provide
Calendar scheduling's main advantage is linking tasks to specific dates (deliveries, payments, vacations/holidays), but both calendar and bar chart methods share the weakness of not showing interdependencies of activities or the impact a delayed task has on other tasks.
A device at service equipment, securely mounted and electrically connected to the service enclosure, meter enclosure, or exposed nonflexible metallic service raceway (or mounted at one of these and connected to it or to the grounding electrode conductor with a 6 AWG or larger copper conductor), that accepts at least three intersystem bonding conductors.
Busway NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definitions of Raceway, Busway, Cable Tray System, Lighting Track, and Multioutlet Assembly
Per Article 100, a raceway consisting of a metal enclosure containing factory-mounted bare or insulated conductors.
Optional calculation for a dwelling unit (220.82(A)) NEC 2023 Section 220.82(A)
A load calculation method permitted where the dwelling's total connected load is served by a single 120/240-volt or 208Y/120-volt set of 3-wire service or feeder conductors with an ampacity of 100 amperes or greater.
Continuous load sizing for feeders (215.2(A)(1)) NEC 2023 Section 215.2(A)(1)
Minimum feeder conductor ampacity must be not less than the noncontinuous load plus 125 percent of the continuous load.
Weather-resistant receptacle (406.9(B)(1)) NEC 2023 Section 406.9(B)(1)
All 15- and 20-ampere, 125- and 250-volt nonlocking-type receptacles installed in wet locations must be a listed weather-resistant type.
Free conductor length (300.14) NEC 2023 Section 300.14
At least 150 mm (6 in.) of free conductor, measured from where it emerges from its raceway or cable sheath in the box, must be left at each outlet, junction, and switch point for splices or connection of luminaires or devices.
Supplemental rod electrode bonding jumper (250.53(E)) NEC 2023 Section 250.53(E)
The portion of the bonding jumper that is the sole connection to a supplemental rod, pipe, or plate electrode is not required to be larger than 6 AWG copper or 4 AWG aluminum/copper-clad aluminum.
Grounding electrode conductor run on building surface (250.64(B)(1)) NEC 2023 Section 250.64(B)(1)
A 6 AWG or larger copper, copper-clad aluminum, or aluminum grounding electrode conductor not exposed to physical damage is permitted to run along the surface of building construction without metal covering or protection; conductors smaller than 6 AWG require protection in RMC, IMC, etc., per 250.64(B)(3).
Main bonding jumper that is a screw only (250.28(B)) NEC 2023 Section 250.28(B)
Where a main or system bonding jumper is a screw only, the screw must be identified with a green finish that is visible with the screw installed (not red).
Rapid shutdown of controlled conductors outside the array boundary (690.12(B)(1)) NEC 2023 Section 690.12(B)(1)
Controlled conductors outside the array boundary or more than 1 m (3 ft) from the point of entry inside a building must be limited to not more than 30 volts within 30 seconds of rapid shutdown initiation.
EGC sizing with an instantaneous-trip circuit breaker (250.122(D)(2)) NEC 2023 Section 250.122(D)(2)
Where branch-circuit short-circuit/ground-fault protection is an instantaneous-trip circuit breaker or motor short-circuit protector, the wire-type equipment grounding conductor is sized per 250.122(A) using the maximum permitted rating of a dual-element time-delay fuse selected per 430.52(C)(1)(a), not the rating of the instantaneous-trip device.
Wall-mounted smoke alarm placement (NFPA 72, 2022, 29.11.3.3) NFPA 72 - National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code 2022, Chapter 29 — 29.11.3.3 Wall Mounting
Wall-mounted smoke alarms or smoke detectors must be located not farther than 12 in. (300 mm) from the adjoining ceiling surface.
Energized electrical work permit, Part I (NFPA 70E 2024, Annex J, Figure J.1) NFPA 70E 2024, Informative Annex J, Figure J.1
The portion of the sample permit completed by the requester, containing the description of the circuit/equipment and job location, the work to be done, and the justification of why the circuit cannot be de-energized or the work deferred; risk assessment results, safe work practices, and access restriction means are Part II items completed by the electrically qualified persons.
Value engineering NASCLA Contractors Guide (14th ed.), Chapter 8 — Value Engineering section
A project management approach whose objective is to understand the owner's cost, quality, and time priorities and deliver a product of the highest value, often supported by owner incentives such as bonuses for cutting cost without sacrificing quality while meeting deadlines.
Status report NASCLA Contractors Guide (14th ed.), Chapter 8 — Status Reports section
A report summarizing project highlights by addressing items completed, items in progress, and outstanding items, used to communicate periodically with the customer, managers, subcontractors, and suppliers.
Quality assurance program NASCLA Contractors Guide (14th ed.), Chapter 8 — Quality Assurance Program section
A program that signals the importance of a high-quality product and includes internal inspections at different stages of construction to review completed work and confirm it meets standards.
The individual incident report providing added detail about each specific recordable injury or illness, which may be substituted by an insurance or workers' compensation form providing the same details.
Formulas to Know
Minimum feeder conductor ampacity with continuous loads (OCPD/assembly not listed for 100% rating)Ampacity ≥ noncontinuous load + (1.25 × continuous load); example: 40 A + (1.25 × 60 A) = 115 A
Angle pull box dimension (314.28(A)(2))Distance to opposite wall ≥ (6 × trade size of largest raceway in that row) + sum of the trade sizes of all other raceway entries in the same row on the same wall; each row calculated separately. Entries enclosing the same conductor must be at least 6 × the larger raceway apart. Examples: 6×3 + 2 = 20 in.; three 3-in. conduits = 6×3 + 3 + 3 = 24 in.; 6×3½ + 1½ + 2 = 24½ in.; 6×2½ = 15 in. between entries
Straight pull box length (314.28(A)(1))Length ≥ 8 × trade size of the largest raceway; examples: 8 × 4 in. = 32 in.; 8 × 3 in. = 24 in.
Single-phase voltage drop and percentageVd = (2 × K × L × I) ÷ Cm, then %VD = Vd ÷ E; example with K = 12.9, L = 150 ft, I = 30 A, Cm = 16,510 (8 AWG): 116,100 ÷ 16,510 ≈ 7 V; 7 ÷ 240 = 2.9%
Effective impedance at a power factor other than the tabulated one (Chapter 9, Table 9, Note 2)Effective Z = R cos(θ) + X sin(θ); for another circuit power factor, Ze = R × PF + XL sin[arccos(PF)]
Motor branch-circuit conductor ampacity (430.22)Ampacity ≥ 125% of motor full-load current from the 430.248 table; example: 5 HP, 230 V, single-phase = 28 A FLC × 1.25 = 35 A. For a wye-start, delta-run motor, conductors between controller and motor ≥ 72% of FLC (58% × 1.25)
Branch-circuit short-circuit/ground-fault device for a single hermetic motor-compressor (440.22(A) and Exception No. 2)Normally not more than 175% of rated-load current; where that will not carry starting current, it may be increased but shall not exceed 225% of rated-load current or branch-circuit selection current, whichever is greater — as a not-to-exceed ceiling, take the next LOWER standard size. Example: 28 A × 2.25 = 63 A → install 60 A
Dwelling general lighting, small-appliance, and laundry load before demand factorsGeneral lighting = floor area × 3 VA/sq ft; + 1,500 VA per small-appliance branch circuit; + 1,500 VA laundry circuit. Examples: 1,500 sq ft × 3 = 4,500 VA; 2,000 sq ft × 3 = 6,000 VA + (2 × 1,500) + 1,500 = 10,500 VA
Dwelling general lighting demand (standard method, Table 220.42)First 3,000 VA at 100% + remainder at 35%; example with 8,000 VA connected: 3,000 + (0.35 × 5,000) = 4,750 VA
Single-phase current from kW and power factorI = (kW × 1000) ÷ (E × PF); example: (12 × 1000) ÷ (230 × 0.84) = 12,000 ÷ 193.2 ≈ 62 A