Exam Cheat Sheet · Quick Reference

Wyoming Low-voltage General Technician Exam (ICC 218, 2023 NEC)

Wyoming  ·  Pearson Vue

Verified, not estimated. Every figure below is drawn from the official exam structure we maintain — question counts, passing standard and topic weighting. Practice questions are grounded in the source law with statute citations. We omit any figure we can't verify rather than guess at it.
Total questions
50
Passing score
75%
Exam time
180 min
Administered by
Pearson Vue
Format
Reference materials allowed

Wyoming State Portion 50 questions

General Knowledge 12 Q · 24%
Ohm's Law and power formulas (P, E, I, R relationships)Series, parallel, and combination circuit calculationsAC circuit concepts: impedance, reactance, inductance, and capacitanceElectrical formulas for amperes, kilowatts, kVA, and horsepower (single-phase and three-phase)Grounding and bonding principles and terminology (NEC Article 250)NEC code structure, scope, definitions, and general installation requirementsPower factor, power factor correction, and efficiency calculationsElectrical symbols, field terms vs. NEC terms, and units of measurement/conversionDefinitionsGrounding and BondingRequirements for Electrical InstallationsGeneral Requirements for Wiring Methods and Materials
Low-voltage Remote Control and Alarm Systems 11 Q · 22%
Class 1 vs. Class 2 vs. Class 3 circuit classifications and definitionsPower source requirements for Class 2 and Class 3 circuitsClass 1 circuit overcurrent protection and conductor sizingSeparation of Class 2/Class 3 circuits from power and Class 1 conductorsCable types and substitution hierarchy for Class 2, Class 3, and PLTC cablesFire alarm circuit classifications: NPLFA vs. PLFAPower source and branch circuit requirements for fire alarm systemsFire alarm cable types, listing requirements, and installation by building locationFire Alarm SystemsClass 1 Power-Limited Circuits and Class 1 Power-Limited RemoteControl and Signaling CircuitsCables for Power-Limited Circuits and Fault-Managed Power Circuits
Low-voltage Communication and Sound Systems 18 Q · 36%
Communications cable types and listing requirements (CMP, CMR, CMG, CM, CMX, CMUC)Cable installation locations — plenums, risers, and general-purpose spaces (Article 800)Grounding and bonding of communications cables and primary protectors (Article 800)Primary and secondary protectors — application, location, and typesCATV coaxial cable types, installation, and grounding of outer conductive shield (Article 820)Network-powered broadband communications systems — power classifications, cable types, and installation (Article 830)Audio signal processing and reproduction equipment — wiring methods, grounding, and loudspeaker installation (Article 640)Radio and television antenna systems — materials, clearances, discharge units, and bonding conductors (Article 810)General Requirements for Communications SystemsNetwork-Powered Broadband Communications SystemsAudio Signal Processing, Amplification, and Reproduction EquipmentAntenna Systems +2 more
Low-voltage Control Circuits 7 Q · 14%
Motor control circuit overcurrent protection and conductor sizing (NEC 430.72)Electrical arrangement and grounding of control circuits (NEC 430.74)Disconnection of motor control circuits from all power sources (NEC 430.75)Class 1 vs. Class 2 vs. Class 3 remote-control circuit classifications and power source requirementsThree-wire stop-start station wiring and seal-in contact operationMultiple stop-start stations and hand-off-automatic (HOA) control circuit configurationsJogging circuits and control relay wiring for inching operationsControl circuit transformer protection and reduced-voltage control wiring methodsMotors, Motor Circuits, and ControllersClass 1 Power-Limited Circuits and Class 1 Power-Limited RemoteControl and Signaling Circuits
Fiber Optical Cables and Raceways 2 Q · 4%
Optical fiber cable types and listing requirements (OFNP, OFCP, OFNR, OFCR, OFNG, OFCG, OFN, OFC)Installation locations within buildings (plenums, risers, general spaces, cable trays)Grounding and bonding of metallic members of optical fiber cablesSeparation requirements when installed with electrical conductorsOverhead and underground optical fiber cables entering buildingsCable substitution hierarchy for optical fiber cable typesAbandoned optical fiber cable requirements and fire spread preventionUnlisted optical fiber cables entering buildings (50 ft rule, raceway requirements)Fire Alarm Systems

Key Distinctions

Motor control circuit conductors larger than 10 AWG that extend beyond the motor control equipment enclosurevsMotor control circuit conductors that do not extend beyond the enclosure

Under 430.72(B)(2) Note 3 the branch-circuit short-circuit/ground-fault device shall not exceed 300 percent of the 60°C ampacity for conductors larger than 10 AWG leaving the enclosure, while Note 2's 400 percent figure applies only where the conductors stay within the enclosure.

NEC 2023 Section 430.72(B)(2)
System bonding jumpervsMain bonding jumper

The system bonding jumper is the connection between the grounded circuit conductor and the supply-side bonding jumper and/or equipment grounding conductor at a separately derived system; the same connection made at the service is called the main bonding jumper.

NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'Bonding Jumper, System'
Technical power system (Article 640)vsIsolated power system (Article 517)

A technical power system isolates the equipment grounding conductor from the premises grounded and equipment grounding conductors except at a single grounded termination point, while an isolated power system uses an isolation transformer, a line isolation monitor, and ungrounded circuit conductors.

NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'Technical Power System'
Type MV (medium voltage) cablevsPortable power feeder cable

Type MV is solid dielectric insulated cable rated 2001 volts up to and including 35,000 volts nominal, whereas the 2001 to 25,000 volt range belongs to the separate definition of portable power feeder cable.

NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'Cable, Medium Voltage (Type MV)'
Functionally grounded systemvsSolidly grounded system

A functionally grounded system has a ground reference for operational purposes that is not solidly grounded (often through electronic means inside an inverter or charge controller), rather than being connected to ground without any resistor or impedance device.

NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'Grounded, Functionally'
Voltage to ground on a grounded circuitvsVoltage to ground on an ungrounded circuit

On grounded circuits it is the voltage between the given conductor and the grounded point or conductor; on ungrounded circuits it is the greatest voltage between the given conductor and any other conductor of the circuit.

NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'Voltage to Ground'
Equipment access opening above a lay-in ceilingvsAccessible opening in a crawl space

110.26(A)(4) requires an opening not smaller than 559 mm × 559 mm (22 in. × 22 in.) above a lay-in ceiling, while the 559 mm × 762 mm (22 in. × 30 in.) dimension in the same subsection applies to a crawl space opening.

NEC 2023 Section 110.26(A)(4)
Manhole cabling work space with cables on one side onlyvsManhole cabling work space with cables on both sides

110.72 requires not less than 750 mm (2 1/2 ft) clear work space where cables are on one side only and not less than 900 mm (3 ft) where cables are on both sides; the 600 mm (2 ft) figure applies only under the exception for enclosures containing optical fiber, power-limited fire alarm, or Class 2/Class 3 circuits.

NEC 2023 Section 110.72
Terminations on circuits rated 100 amperes or less (or marked 14 AWG–1 AWG)vsTerminations on circuits rated over 100 amperes (or marked for conductors larger than 1 AWG)

Unless listed and marked otherwise, the first group uses conductor ampacity based on the 60°C (140°F) rating, while the second group uses the 75°C basis.

NEC 2023 Section 110.14(C)(1)
Listed flexible metal conduit (FMC) used as an equipment grounding conductorvsCertain trade sizes of liquidtight flexible metal conduit (LFMC)

FMC qualifies only where circuit conductors are protected at 20 amperes or less (trade size not over 1 1/4 and combined flexible length not over 1.8 m/6 ft), whereas the 60-ampere limit applies only to certain trade sizes of LFMC.

NEC 2023 Section 250.118(A)(5)
Entrance/egress at each end of working space (110.26(C)(2))vsPersonnel door with panic hardware rule (110.26(C)(3))

Two entrances not less than 610 mm (24 in.) wide and 2.0 m (6 1/2 ft) high are required for equipment rated 1200 amperes or more and over 1.8 m (6 ft) wide; the 800-ampere figure belongs to the personnel door/panic hardware rule, not the two-entrance rule.

NEC 2023 Section 110.26(C)(2)
Operating bonding/grounding electrode conductor for transmitting stations (810.58(C))vsProtective bonding conductor (810.58(B))

The operating conductor shall not be smaller than 14 AWG copper or equivalent, while the protective bonding conductor must be as large as the lead-in and not smaller than 10 AWG copper, bronze, or copper-clad steel.

NEC 2023 Section 810.58(C)
Equipment supplied by Class 1 circuits (250.112(I))vsEquipment supplied by Class 1 power-limited, Class 2, Class 3, and fire alarm circuits

Class 1 circuit equipment shall be grounded unless it operates at less than 50 volts, while power-limited Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and fire alarm circuit equipment is grounded only if system grounding is required by Part II or Part VIII of Article 250.

NEC 2023 Section 250.112(I)
Chapter 8 (communications systems)vsChapters 1 through 7

Per 90.3, Chapter 8 covers communications systems and is not subject to the requirements of Chapters 1 through 7 except where those requirements are specifically referenced in Chapter 8.

NEC 2023 Section 90.3

Key Terms

Accessible, Readily NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'Accessible, Readily'
Capable of being reached quickly without requiring the use of tools (other than keys), climbing over or under, removing obstacles, or using portable ladders — so a locked enclosure opened with a key may still be readily accessible.
In Sight From (Within Sight From) NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'In Sight From (Within Sight From)'
Equipment that is visible and not more than 15 m (50 ft) distant from the other equipment; both conditions must be met.
Continuous Load NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'Continuous Load'
A load where the maximum current is expected to continue for 3 hours or more.
Low-Voltage Contact Limit NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'Low-Voltage Contact Limit'
For pools, spas, and fountains, a voltage not exceeding 15 volts RMS for sinusoidal ac, 21.2 volts peak for nonsinusoidal ac, 30 volts for continuous dc, and 12.4 volts peak for dc interrupted at a rate of 10 to 200 Hz.
Cable Bundle NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'Cable Bundle'
A group of cables tied together or in contact with one another in a closely packed configuration for at least 1.0 m (40 in.).
Class 4 Circuit / Fault-Managed Power (FMP) NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definitions of 'Class 4 Circuit' and 'Fault-Managed Power (FMP)'
A circuit using active monitoring and control of voltage and current, commonly called a fault-managed power circuit, in which the powering system monitors for faults and controls delivered current to limit fault energy.
Voltage, Low (Low Voltage) — Article 551 NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'Voltage, Low'
As applied to recreational vehicle wiring, an electromotive force rated 24 volts, nominal, or less.
Point of Entrance NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'Point of Entrance'
The point within a building at which the wire or cable emerges from an external wall, from the roof, or from a concrete floor slab (not the location of the protector).
Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)'
A device for the protection of personnel operating at Class A values, which trips when ground-fault current is 6 mA or higher and does not trip below 4 mA.
Special Purpose Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter (SPGFCI) NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter, Special Purpose (SPGFCI)'
A device for detecting ground-fault currents in circuits with voltage to ground greater than 150 volts that de-energizes the circuit when ground-fault current exceeds the values established for Class C, D, or E devices.
Ground-Fault Protection of Equipment (GFPE) NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'Ground-Fault Protection of Equipment (GFPE)'
A system intended to protect equipment from damaging line-to-ground fault currents by causing a disconnecting means to open all ungrounded conductors of the faulted circuit, at current levels less than those required to protect conductors by the supply circuit overcurrent device.
Ground-Fault Current Path, Effective NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'Ground-Fault Current Path, Effective'
An intentionally constructed, low-impedance electrically conductive path designed to carry current during ground-fault events from the fault point to the electrical supply source, facilitating operation of the overcurrent protective device or ground-fault detectors.
Simple Apparatus NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'Simple Apparatus'
An electrical component of simple construction with well-defined parameters that generates no more than 1.5 volts, 100 mA, and 25 mW (or a passive component dissipating no more than 1.3 watts) and is compatible with the intrinsic safety of its circuit.
Cable, Power-Limited Tray (Type PLTC) NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'Cable, Power-Limited Tray (Type PLTC)'
A factory assembly of two or more insulated conductors rated at 300 volts, with or without associated bare or insulated equipment grounding conductors, under a nonmetallic jacket.
Patient Care Vicinity NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'Patient Care Vicinity'
A space extending 1.8 m (6 ft) beyond the normal location of the bed, chair, table, treadmill, or other patient-supporting device and extending vertically to 2.3 m (7 ft 6 in.) above the floor.
Dormitory Unit NEC 2023 Article 100 — Definition of 'Dormitory Unit'
Group sleeping accommodations for more than 16 persons who are not members of the same family, in one room or closely associated rooms, under joint occupancy and single management, with or without meals, but without individual cooking facilities.
Intersystem Bonding Termination (IBT) NEC 2023 Section 250.94(A)
Per 250.94(A), an accessible device listed as grounding and bonding equipment consisting of a set of terminals with capacity for connection of not less than three intersystem bonding conductors; 250.94(B) alternatively permits an aluminum or copper busbar not less than 1/4 in. thick × 2 in. wide with at least three terminations for communications systems.

Formulas to Know

Kilovolt-ampere conversion1 kVA = 1,000 VA (kilo = 1,000)
Overcurrent protection for Class 1 power sources other than transformersOCPD rating shall not exceed 167% × (volt-ampere rating of source ÷ rated voltage); the device may be integral to the power supply but shall not be interchangeable with devices of higher rating
Primary-side protection of 2-wire (single-voltage) transformer secondary conductors (Class 1 circuits, 724.45(D); NPLFA, 760.45 Exc. No. 2)Primary protection shall not exceed secondary conductor ampacity × (secondary-to-primary voltage ratio), and must comply with 450.3; permitted only where the single-phase transformer has only a 2-wire secondary
Motor control circuit conductor protection by the motor branch-circuit device (430.72(B)(2))For copper conductors larger than 10 AWG extending beyond the motor control equipment enclosure: device rating shall not exceed 300% of the 60°C ampacity of the control conductors (400% applies only where conductors do not extend beyond the enclosure)
When ampacity adjustment applies to Class 1 conductors in a raceway (724.51(A))Adjustment factors of 310.15(C)(1) apply only where the Class 1 conductors carry continuous loads in excess of 10% of the ampacity of each conductor (number of conductors determined by 300.17)
Minimum equipment grounding conductor in a flexible cord (250.122(E))Where the largest circuit conductor is 10 AWG or smaller: EGC not smaller than 18 AWG copper AND not smaller than the circuit conductors — e.g., with a 12 AWG largest circuit conductor the EGC is 12 AWG copper
Minimum system bonding jumper for a small control transformer (250.30(A)(1) Exc. No. 3)For a system supplying Class 1, 2, or 3 circuits derived from a transformer rated not more than 1000 VA: jumper not smaller than the derived ungrounded conductors and not smaller than 14 AWG copper or 12 AWG aluminum — e.g., a 1000 VA Class 2 control transformer permits 14 AWG copper
Total resistance of a series-parallel circuit (two resistors in parallel)Rparallel = (R2 × R3) ÷ (R2 + R3), then add series resistors; example: (8×24)/(8+24) = 6 Ω, then 3 + 6 + 5 = 14 Ω
Solving for an unknown parallel resistor from total circuit resistanceRparallel pair = Rtotal − Rseries, then 1/Rparallel = 1/R2 + 1/R3; example: 12 − 4 = 8 Ω, 1/R3 = 1/8 − 1/24 = 1/12, so R3 = 12 Ω