Arkansas Wood Framing - Commercial Exam

Arkansas Wood Framing – Commercial Exam · 5 questions (17%)

Key Concepts

Plan views (top/bird's-eye views). A plan view shows width, length and location of objects as if viewed from above; height cannot be seen in a plan view. (Carpentry and Building Construction, Section 2.3, Pages 50–53)

• Site (plot) plan — building lot with boundaries, contours, existing roads, utilities, trees and nearby buildings; shows driveway location. The excavation contractor relies on this plan.
• Foundation plan — top view of footings and foundation walls; shows posts, pads, all openings in foundation walls (labeled and dimensioned), and the type and location of foundation anchor bolts. Used by foundation contractors.
• Floor plan — drawn at a cutting plane that includes all door and window openings; shows outside shape, arrangement/size/shape of rooms, materials used, wall thickness, and types, sizes and locations of doors and windows.
• Framing plans — show the size, number and spacing of structural elements. The floor framing plan must specify the sizes and spacing of joists, girders and columns used to support the floor, plus doubled framing around openings and beneath bathroom fixtures. Roof framing plans show rafter size and spacing, roof slope and sheathing. (Pages 51–52)
• Electrical plan — location and type of every electrical feature (switches, ceiling lights, receptacles, service panel) plus a schematic of the wiring.
• Mechanical plan — arrangement and location of plumbing…

Topic: Layout

Key Concepts

Two methods of locating a building on the site. A proposed building's location can be determined by (1) measuring from an existing reference line, or (2) using a surveying instrument such as a level or a transit (Carpentry and Building Construction, Chapter 9 — Basic Techniques).

Reference line. A building may be planned parallel to an existing line such as a street or marked property line. That line is then used as a guide, or reference line, which makes it possible to stake out the site without using a surveying instrument (Ch. 9 — Measuring From a Reference Line).

Theodolite. A theodolite is a transit that reads horizontal and vertical angles electronically. It needs no vernier scale and displays measurements on an LCD (liquid-crystal display) screen. It is used when extremely accurate measurements are required (Ch. 9 — Types of Instruments).

Leveling a transit head. After centering the bubble over the first set of opposing leveling screws, rotate the telescope 90° so it is over the second set of leveling screws and repeat the centering process. Recheck both positions until the bubble is within one graduation on either side of center (Ch. 9 — Setting Up a Transit or Level).

Key Concepts

Wall framing members (wood) - A stud is a vertical framing member; conventional construction commonly uses 2×4 studs spaced 16" OC. (Carpentry and Building Construction, Section 16.1, Book Page 432) - A plate is a horizontal framing member tying interior and exterior wall framing together; each wall has three plates — a bottom plate and two top plates. (Section 16.1, Book Page 432) - A header (lintel) is a wood beam at the top of an opening that supports structural loads above and transfers them to framing on each side. (Section 16.1, Book Page 432) - A rough sill is a horizontal member at the bottom of a window opening supporting the window; it does not carry structural loads. (Section 16.1, Book Page 434) - Cripple studs are installed above headers and below rough sills, located where a full-length precut stud would be if there were no opening. Their purpose: to provide a nailing surface for the sheathing (outside) and for wall covering (inside). (Section 16.1, Book Page 434) - A trimmer (jack) stud supports a header and transfers loads from the header to the bottom plate. (Section 16.1, Book Page 434)

Arkansas Wood Framing – Commercial Exam | 5 questions (17%)

Key Concepts

Floor framing members - A wood post supporting a girder must be solid and not less than a 4×4 nominal; a 6×6 is often used depending on the load. Posts are generally spaced 8" to 10" on center, with the exact spacing depending on the size of the load. (Carpentry and Building Construction, Section 15.1, p. 396) - Steel (Lally) posts must be at least 3" in diameter and protected against rust. (C&BC, Section 15.1, p. 397) - Ends of wood girders should bear at least 4" on masonry walls, and a ½" clearance must be provided at each end and each side of a wood girder framed into masonry, to prevent the wood from absorbing moisture. (C&BC, Ch. 15, Built-Up Girder discussion, pp. 399–401) - Built-up girders: face-nail each layer with 10d nails, staggered 32" OC at top and bottom, two or three nails at the end of every board, joints staggered. (C&BC, Section 15.1, p. 398) - A floor truss has only three basic parts: chords, webs, and connector plates. Trusses must be braced as they are installed to protect workers and prevent damage from sideways movement before the subfloor is laid; the fabricator provides bracing instructions. (C&BC, Section 15.1, p. 400) - Wood girders closer than 12 inches to exposed ground in crawl spaces must be naturally…

Arkansas Wood Framing – Commercial Exam | 5 questions (17%)

Key Concepts

Scope of prescriptive roof framing (IBC 2015 §2308.7). The conventional roof and ceiling framing details apply only to roofs with a slope of not less than three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-percent slope). Where the slope is less, ridge boards, hips and valleys supporting rafters and ceiling joists shall be designed as beams.

Hips, valleys and ridges (IBC 2015 §2308.7.3). A single valley or hip rafter shall be not less than 2-inch nominal thickness and not less in depth than the cut end of the rafter. At ridges, the ridge board may be 1-inch nominal thickness, also not less in depth than the cut end of the rafter.

Rafter ties (IBC 2015 §2308.7.3.1). Where ceiling joists are not parallel to rafters, an equivalent rafter tie must provide a continuous tie across the building at a spacing of not more than 4 feet (48 inches) on center; connections per Tables 2308.7.3.1 and 2304.10.1.

Roof planking (IBC 2015 §2308.7.12). Randomly spaced joints in 2-inch tongue-and-groove planking are permitted only if the system is applied to not less than three continuous spans, planks are center matched and end matched or splined, each plank bears on at least one support, and joints in adjacent pieces are separated not less than 24 inches.

Key Concepts

Employer accident prevention duties — §1926.20(b) - "It shall be the responsibility of the employer to initiate and maintain such programs as may be necessary to comply with this part." (§1926.20(b)(1)) - Such programs "shall provide for frequent and regular inspections of the job sites, materials, and equipment to be made by competent persons designated by the employers." (§1926.20(b)(2), Page 29) - Machinery, tools, materials, or equipment not in compliance are prohibited; they shall be tagged or locked out to render them inoperable, or physically removed from the place of operation. (§1926.20(b)(3)) - The employer shall permit only those employees qualified by training or experience to operate equipment and machinery. (§1926.20(b)(4))

Safety training and education — §1926.21(b) (Page 30) - (b)(2): "The employer shall instruct each employee in the recognition and avoidance of unsafe conditions and the regulations applicable to his work environment to control or eliminate any hazards or other exposure to illness or injury." - (b)(3): Employees required to handle or use poisons, caustics, and other harmful substances shall be instructed regarding the safe handling and use, and be made aware of the potential hazards, personal hygiene, and personal protective measures required. - (b)(4): Where harmful plants or animals are present, exposed employees shall be instructed on potential hazards, how to avoid injury, and first aid procedures. - (b)(5): Employees required to handle or use **flammable liquids, gases,…