Arkansas Wood Framing - Residential Exam

Key Concepts

Types of plan views (Carpentry and Building Construction, Section 2.3, Reading Architectural Plans) - A plan view is a top ("bird's-eye") view showing width, length and location of objects; height cannot be seen in a plan view. - A site plan (plot plan) shows the building lot with boundaries, contours, existing roads, utilities, trees and nearby buildings. The excavation contractor relies on this plan. - A foundation plan is a top view of the footings and foundation walls, showing posts and other elements; openings in foundation walls are labeled and dimensioned, and the type and location of foundation anchor bolts are identified. - A floor plan is drawn as if the house were sliced horizontally (a cutting plane) at a level including all door and window openings. It shows the outside shape, arrangement/size/shape of rooms, materials, wall thickness, and types, sizes and locations of doors and windows. - Framing plans show the size, number and spacing of structural elements. A floor framing plan must specify the sizes and spacing of joists, girders and columns used to support the floor, and also shows doubled framing around openings and beneath bathroom fixtures (Pages 51–52). - A wall-framing elevation shows what a framing plan cannot: the locations of studs, plates, sills and bracing in a particular wall (Page 54). - Reflected ceiling plans are drawn as the ceiling would appear in a mirror…

Arkansas Wood Framing – Residential Exam · 5 questions (17%)

Key Concepts

Two ways to locate a building on a lot. The location of a proposed building can be determined by (1) measuring from an existing reference line, or (2) using a surveying instrument such as a level or a transit. A building planned parallel to an existing line — a street or a marked property line — can use that line as a guide, or reference line, making it possible to stake out the site without a surveying instrument. (Chapter 9 — Basic Techniques / Measuring From a Reference Line)

Theodolite. A theodolite is a transit that reads horizontal and vertical angles electronically. It needs no vernier scale and displays measurements on an LCD (liquid-crystal display) screen. It is used when extremely accurate measurements are required. (Chapter 9 — Types of Instruments)

Leveling a transit head. After centering the bubble over the first set of opposing leveling screws, rotate the telescope 90° so it is over the second set of leveling screws and repeat the centering process. Recheck both positions until the bubble is within one graduation on either side of center. (Chapter 9 — Setting Up a Transit or Level / Leveling a Transit Head)

Key Concepts

Wood wall framing — materials and identification - Cross-laminated timber shall be manufactured and identified as required by ANSI/APA PRG 320 (IRC 2015 §R602.1.6). Related standards: engineered wood rim board — ANSI/APA PRR 410 (§R602.1.7); structural composite lumber — ASTM D 5456 (§R602.1.5); particleboard — ANSI A208.1 (§R602.1.9); glued-laminated timbers — ANSI/AITC A190.1 and ASTM D 3737 (§R602.1.3). - Studs shall be a minimum No. 3, standard or stud grade lumber (IRC §R602.2).

Top plates - Wood stud walls shall be capped with a double top plate installed to provide overlapping at corners and intersections with bearing partitions. End joints in top plates shall be offset not less than 24 inches. Joints in plates need not occur over studs. Plates shall be not less than 2 inches nominal thickness and width not less than the width of the studs (IRC §R602.3.2).

Drilling and notching - Not less than 5/8 inch must be maintained from the edge of a bored hole to the edge of the stud, and the hole may not occur in the same section as a cut or notch (IRC §R602.6, Item 2; Figures R602.6(1) and R602.6(2)). - Never punch a hole in the flange of a steel stud, joist, or track — holes and punchouts reduce the strength of a stud (Carpentry and Building Construction, §29.3, Builder's Tip – Punchouts).

Key Concepts

Posts, girders and trusses (Section 15.1) - A wood post supporting a girder must be solid and not less than a 4×4 nominal; a 6×6 is often used depending on the load (Section 15.1, p. 396). Posts are generally spaced 8' to 10' OC. - Steel (Lally) columns must be at least 3" in diameter and protected against rust. - The ends of wood girders should bear at least 4" on masonry walls. A ½" clearance must be provided at each end and at each side of a wood girder framed into masonry, to keep the wood from absorbing moisture (Chapter 15, Built-Up Girder, pp. 399–401). - Built-up girders: face-nail each layer with 10d nails, staggered 32" OC top and bottom; stagger the joints (Section 15.1). - A floor truss has only three basic parts: chords, webs, and connector plates (Section 15.1, p. 400). Brace floor trusses as they are installed — this protects workers laying the subfloor and prevents damage from sideways movement before the subfloor is laid (Section 15.1, p. 400).

Arkansas Wood Framing – Residential Exam | 5 questions (17%)

Key Concepts

Framing details (IRC 2015 R802.3). Rafters shall be framed not more than 1-1/2 inches offset from each other to the ridge board, or directly opposite each other with a gusset plate as a tie. The ridge board shall be not less than 1-inch nominal thickness and not less in depth than the cut end of the rafter. At valleys and hips there shall be a valley or hip rafter not less than 2-inch nominal thickness and not less in depth than the cut end of the rafter. Where roof pitch is less than 3:12, members supporting rafters and ceiling joists (ridge beams, hips, valleys) shall be designed as beams. R802.2 framing details apply to roofs of 3:12 slope or greater.

Ties (R802.3.1). Collar ties shall be not less than 1 inch by 4 inches nominal, spaced not more than 4 feet on center; collar ties or ridge straps resisting wind uplift are connected in the upper third of the attic space. Rafter ties shall be not less than 2 inches by 4 inches nominal. Carpentry and Building Construction, Section 17.1, p. 468: a collar tie connects opposite pairs of rafters horizontally to stiffen the roof.

Key Concepts

Employer accident prevention duties (Subpart C) - "It shall be the responsibility of the employer to initiate and maintain such programs as may be necessary to comply with this part." — §1926.20(b)(1) - Those programs "shall provide for frequent and regular inspections of the job sites, materials, and equipment to be made by competent persons designated by the employers." — §1926.20(b)(2), Page 29 - Machinery, tools, material or equipment not in compliance is prohibited; it must be tagged or locked to render controls inoperable, or physically removed from its place of operation. — §1926.20(b)(3) - The employer shall permit only those employees qualified by training or experience to operate equipment and machinery. — §1926.20(b)(4)

Safety training and education — §1926.21(b), Page 30 - (b)(2) The employer shall instruct each employee in the recognition and avoidance of unsafe conditions and the regulations applicable to his work environment to control or eliminate hazards or other exposure to illness or injury. - (b)(3) Employees required to handle or use poisons, caustics, and other harmful substances shall be instructed regarding safe handling and use, and made aware of potential hazards, personal hygiene, and personal protective measures required. - (b)(4) Where harmful plants or animals are present, exposed employees shall be instructed on the potential hazards, how to avoid injury, and first aid procedures. - (b)(5) Employees required to handle or use **flammable liquids, gases,…