Arkansas Detached Garage, Storage Buildings, Detached Structures, Metal Buildings - Residential Exam

Key Concepts

Gutter slope and runs - Metal gutters must slope at least 1 inch every 16 feet (1/16 in. per foot) toward the downspouts — Carpentry and Building Construction, Section 22.4 — Installation. - The distance between the gutter's high point and the downspout should not ordinarily exceed 25 feet — Section 22.4. - 50 ft (15.2 m) is the practical maximum gutter length served by a downspout; gutter sections should not exceed 50 ft between ends or expansion joints unless specially designed — SMACNA, Page 1.4.

Downspouts and conductor heads - Conductor heads every 40 ft (12.2 m) to admit air and prevent a vacuum — SMACNA, Page 1.1. - Downspouts 10 ft (2.5 m) or less: two straps; longer downspouts supported at 10 ft maximum intervals — SMACNA, Page 1.80, Figure 1-35. - A conductor head must be a minimum of 2 in. (50 mm) overall wider than the scupper; where no built-in overflow is used, set the rim 1 in. (25 mm) below the scupper — SMACNA, Figure 1-26, Page 1.62.

Built-in gutters - Front edge must be a minimum 1 in. (25 mm) lower than the back edge so overflow spills outward — SMACNA, Page 1.16. - Bottom width at least 4 in. (100 mm) — Figure 1-4, item g. - Aluminum or prefinished metal should not be used (field painting impractical; adherence and color matching problems); copper or stainless steel preferred — Page 1.16. NRCA recommends copper, lead-coated copper, and stainless steel because watertight seaming/joinery is critical — NRCA Architectural Metal Flashing, Ch. 3, Page 104. - A 10 mil (0.254 mm) vapor barrier membrane extends from the roof behind the gutter and under the gutter and eave apron — SMACNA, Figure 1-23, Page 1.56. - Combination scupper-and-gutter: suggested maximum scupper interval 10 ft (3 m) — Figure 1-11, Page 1.32.

Key Concepts

Materials and mix design - Hydration is the chemical reaction that occurs when water combines with cement; it generates heat and causes the concrete to harden — concrete does not "dry out" (Carpentry and Building Construction, Chapter 8 — Hydration section). - Type III (high-strength) Portland cement is used where forms must be removed quickly or concrete must be put in service quickly (Table 8-1: Basic Types of Portland Cement). - Air-entraining admixtures introduce tiny bubbles, increasing durability in freeze/thaw cycles and improving workability (Chapter 8 — Admixtures section). - Five-bag mix (five bags of cement per cubic yard) is the minimum amount required for most work; six-bag mix is commonly specified where high strength is needed or where steel reinforcement is used (Section 8.2, Page 226). - Minimum specified compressive strength of concrete, f'c, for exterior concrete walls: not less than 2,500 psi at 28 days, and also complying with Section R402.2 (IRC 2015, R608.5.1.5).

Slump and consolidation - Textbook: paving and floor slabs might have a slump of 1" to 4"; columns and walls might range from 4" to 8" (Chapter 8 — Slump Testing section). - IRC: slump of concrete placed in removable forms shall not exceed 6 inches, except when approved for segregation-resistant mixtures; slump in stay-in-place forms shall exceed 6 inches (R608.5.1.4). - Stay-in-place forms require consolidation by internal vibration; exception for approved self-consolidating mixtures with slump equal to or greater than 8 inches designed for placement without internal vibration (R608.5.1.6). - Consolidation removes air pockets and forces concrete into all parts of the forms — by concrete vibrator, tamping, spearing with a spade, or tapping forms with a hammer (Section 8.2, Page 227). - Nominal maximum coarse aggregate size shall not exceed one-fifth the narrowest distance between sides of forms, or three-fourths the clear spacing between bars or between a bar and the side of the form (R608.5.1.3).

Key Concepts

Patio covers (IRC 2015 Appendix H) - Scope and use: Patio covers shall conform to Sections AH101 through AH106 (AH101.1). They may be detached from or attached to dwelling units, and shall be used only for recreational, outdoor living purposes, and not as carports, garages, storage rooms or habitable rooms (AH101.2). - Definition: A PATIO COVER is "a structure with open or glazed walls that is used for recreational, outdoor living purposes associated with a dwelling unit" (AH102.1). - Height: Limited to one-story structures not exceeding 12 feet (3657 mm) in height (AH104.1). - Enclosure walls: Any configuration is permitted provided the open or glazed area of the longer wall and one additional wall equals at least 65 percent of the area below a minimum of 6 feet, 8 inches (2032 mm) of each wall, measured from the floor. Openings may be enclosed with insect screening; approved translucent or transparent plastic not more than 0.125 inch (3.2 mm) thick; glass conforming to Section R308; or any combination (AH103.1). - Light, ventilation, egress: Required exterior openings may open into a conforming patio structure, but the patio structure must be unenclosed where such openings serve as emergency escape or rescue openings from sleeping rooms; where they serve as an exit, an enclosed patio structure must have exits conforming to Section R311 (AH103.2). - Design loads: All dead loads plus a vertical live load of not less than 10 psf, except that snow loads shall be used where snow loads exceed this minimum; wind loads per Section R301.2.1 (AH105.1). - Footings: Where frost line depth is zero per Table R301.2(1), support on a slab-on-grade without footings is permitted if the slab conforms to Section R506, is not less than 3.5 inches (89 mm) thick, and columns do not support live and dead loads in excess of 750 pounds (3.34 kN) per column (AH105.2).

Arkansas Detached Garage, Storage Buildings, Detached Structures, Metal Buildings – Residential Exam

Key Concepts

Accident prevention responsibilities — §1926.20(b) - It is the responsibility of the employer to initiate and maintain such programs as may be necessary to comply with this part. (§1926.20(b)(1)) - Such programs shall provide for frequent and regular inspections of the job sites, materials, and equipment to be made by competent persons designated by the employers. (§1926.20(b)(2), Page 29) - Machinery, tools, materials or equipment not in compliance are prohibited; they shall be identified as unsafe by tagging or locking the controls inoperable, or physically removed from the place of operation. (§1926.20(b)(3)) - The employer shall permit only those employees qualified by training or experience to operate equipment and machinery. (§1926.20(b)(4))

Safety training and education — §1926.21(b) - Employer shall instruct each employee in the recognition and avoidance of unsafe conditions and the regulations applicable to his work environment. (§1926.21(b)(2)) - Employees required to handle or use poisons, caustics, and other harmful substances shall be instructed regarding safe handling and use, and be made aware of the potential hazards, personal hygiene, and personal protective measures required. (§1926.21(b)(3)) - In job site areas where harmful plants or animals are present, exposed employees shall be instructed on potential hazards, how to avoid injury, and first aid procedures. (§1926.21(b)(4)) - Employees required to handle or use flammable liquids, gases, or toxic materials shall be instructed in safe handling and use, and made aware of specific requirements in subparts D, F, and other applicable subparts. (§1926.21(b)(5), Page 30)

Housekeeping — §1926.25 - Form and scrap lumber with protruding nails and all other debris shall be kept cleared from work areas, passageways, and stairs. (§1926.25(a)) - Combustible scrap and debris shall be removed at regular intervals. (§1926.25(b)) - Containers used for garbage and other oily, flammable, or hazardous wastes, such as caustics, acids, harmful dusts, etc., shall be equipped with covers. Garbage and other waste shall be disposed of at frequent and regular intervals. (§1926.25(c))